Escaping Poverty and Securing Middle Class Status: How Race and Socioeconomic Status Shape Mobility Prospects for African Americans During the Transition to Adulthood

This article draws on extant research from the disciplines of psychology, sociology, and economics to identify linkages between individual, family, community, and structural factors related to social mobility for African Americans during the transition to adulthood. It considers how race and class together affect opportunities for social mobility through where African Americans live, whom they associate with, and how they are impacted by racial and class-related stigma. Of particular interest is social mobility as accomplished through academic achievement, educational attainment, employment, economic independence, and homeownership. Research on five issues is reviewed and discussed: (a) the unique vulnerabilities of newly upwardly mobile African Americans, (b) wealth as a source of inequality, (c) racism and discrimination, (d) the stigma associated with lower-class status, and (e) social and cultural capital. The article concludes with a summary and directions for future research.

论辽宁农村最低生活保障制度立法缺陷及完善

建立适合中国国情的农村低保制度是完善农村社会保障制度、促进新农村建设、构建和谐社会的切实需要。辽宁省是建立农村最低生活保障制度较早的省份,在制度构建及运行各方面取得了较好的效果。但随着这项制度的深入发展,一系列的问题也逐步暴露出来,其中地方性立法所存在的问题尤为突出,这也成为了辽宁农村最低生活保障制度发展的瓶颈。只有切合实际地解决这个问题,才能使最低生活保障制度在辽宁发挥更好的作用。     

辽宁流动人口犯罪现状分析

在市场经济发展的今天,人口流动呈现出必然趋势。这其中蕴含着一定的规律和特点。伴随着人口流动的规律特点,流动人口犯罪也具有一定的规律性可循。本文在对辽宁流动人口状况调查研究的基础上,提出了辽宁流动人口犯罪的规律特点,藉此希望能为政府有关部门决策提供参考。     

妇女参政议政问题研究

妇女参政议政不仅是检验男女是否平等的一个重要标志,而且体现着国家的文明程度。我国妇女的进步与发展,不仅对我国的改革开放和现代化事业,而且对整个人类进步都将产生深远影响。因此,正确认识我国妇女参政议政的现状,分析我国妇女参政议政存在的问题和成因,并积极探寻提高妇女参政议政能力的途径和对蓑,对于加强社会主义政治文明建设,促进女性与社会和谐发展,具有十分重大的意义。     

中国律师在公益行政许可听证中法律地位研究

该文认为,确定中国律师在公益行政许可听证程序中的法律地位,是律师参与公益行政许可听证工作的重点问题,这一问题既是重大的理论问题,又是立法及执法实践亟待解决的问题。     

The “L-Word,” or Turning Fifty

This meditative essay by a writer and professor reflects on the milestone of reaching 50 years of age. The author relates his own experiences and those of his elder literary friends and colleagues who have felt comparable anxieties and coped with similar challenges toward aging and death. He records their own milestones on life’s journey as well as their insightful and often quite hopeful, if not always cheery, responses. Several of them, like the author, admit that turning 50 has entailed for them a coming to terms with the impossibility of realizing some immortality projects.

“争常”失败后日本对非战略新态势

2005年"争常"失败后,日本政府改变了过去长期冷落非洲的外交政策,开始把非洲真正地纳入其全球战略架构中来。加大援非力度,改革援非方案,以对抗气候变暖和环境保护为重点,突出环境外交,全面发展与非洲各国的关系,日本对非战略出现新态势。其基本动因在于,适应新的国际形势变化的需要,反思"争常"失败后的经验和教训,通过发挥日本"环境外交"的优势,扩大其在非洲的影响,这种对非战略的新态势将对中国对非外交构成较大的压力和挑战。     

Investigating the Refugee Health Disadvantage Among the U.S. Immigrant Population

Much health-disparities research focuses on race and ethnicity, but nativity has proved to be a crucial factor in explaining the immigrant health advantage. Foreign-born subgroups with certain immigration statuses, such as refugees, may have an initial disadvantage. Using nationally representative survey data, we explore differences in health outcomes by analyzing two visa category subgroups in the United States: refugees and nonrefugee immigrants. Our findings show that refugees have a significant disadvantage across multiple health outcomes. This suggests that current refugee health-screening practices should be changed to take into account broader issues, such as chronic disease and functional limitation.     

A dilemma for the welfare state: managing the cost for shorter working hours, 1919–2002

The purpose of this article is to study how the Swedish welfare state has managed the cost of shorter working hours. During the twentieth century, several official reports were published in order to produce knowledge about this issue and to deal with the cost for the reform. This article aims to examine the arguments and beliefs of the political economy of the welfare state that emerge from these formulations. An examination of shorter working hours as social policy sheds new light on the relationship between the welfare state and capital, in addition to limits for social policy imposed by the economic system. A reduction of work hours has never been justified as a reform that simply gives more time for leisure and less time for work, but has been assigned a cost that was necessary to manage. The reform was considered possible because it was interpreted as helping to reproduce labor power or capitalism as a whole. It was thought impossible and undesirable when considered to be a threat to this reproduction. This article shows the process of managing the cost for shorter working hours in Sweden and how arguments fundamentally changed over time, although the basic premises remained the same.     

Lesbian and Gay Immigrants' Post-Migration Experiences: An Integrative Literature Review

This integrative literature review synthesizes recent empirical knowledge about lesbian and gay immigrants' post-migration experiences. Twenty-four studies with various designs are included. The literature shows that those immigrants encounter some opportunities but also many challenges on economical, social and identity levels, thus soliciting coping strategies. Results are synthesized under five topics: the delicate situation in which they find themselves for revealing their lesbian or gay sexual orientation; the racist and homophobic discrimination they can experience; their renegotiation of socioeconomic status; the identity and affiliation challenges they have to overcome; and the hardships that can impact their health.