浅析携带凶器抢夺

《中华人民共和国刑法》第267条第2款规定了携带凶器抢夺转化为抢劫罪的条款。为了便于实践中对该条款的把握,最高人民法院发布了《关于审理抢劫案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》、《关于审理抢劫、抢夺刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》,但司法实践中对此款的适用仍存在争议。该条款的性质为法律拟制条款,只要行为人携带凶器抢夺,即可认定为抢劫罪,不必行为人向受害人显示或暗示携带凶器。     

慢性乙醇中毒脑β-淀粉样前体蛋白与外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血死亡的关系

目的观察大鼠慢性乙醇中毒下脑组织轻微伤后β-淀粉样前体蛋白(β-amyloid precursor protein,β-APP)的表达,探讨乙醇中毒与外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage,TSAH)死亡的相关性。方法雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为灌水组、灌水打击组、灌酒组、灌酒打击组。灌酒组以食用酒连续灌胃4周,打击组予脑震荡打击,各组大鼠脑组织行HE、免疫组织化学染色,组织病理图像系统量化分析检测结果。结果灌水组脑无异常;灌水打击组全脑神经元轻度水样变性;灌酒组脑表面可见血管纹理,神经纤维排列稍疏松、间隙增大;灌酒打击组脑表面弥漫性淤血,脑干周围多见厚层斑片状TSAH,轴索不规则断裂。灌酒组额叶、海马、小脑、脑干β-APP IOD值高于灌水打击组及灌酒打击组。结论慢性乙醇中毒脑组织的耐受性明显下降,轻微损伤情况下即可引起致死性TSAH和神经病理学变化。     

浅论普及注射死刑的法律意义

在世界上很多发达国家都已经废除死刑的前提下,中国的死刑制度成为学术界讨论的热点,然而保留或废除死刑都面临重重压力。抛开死刑的存废之争,对现有死刑执行方式进行改良,显然是更务实的做法。普及注射死刑,对于推动法律文化的进步,使法律文化与国际接轨,具有重要意义。     

加味黄连解毒汤治疗脑出血48例临床观察

目的：探讨加味黄连解毒汤治疗脑出血的疗效。方法：94例脑出血病人按序分为两组，对照组46例采用西医综合疗法，治疗组48例在西医综合疗法基础上加用加味黄连解毒汤，14d为1个疗程。结果：治疗组基本治愈17例，显著进步23例，进步6例，无变化2例，恶化0例，对照组分别为8，27，16，5，0例。两组疗效比较，差异有显著性，同时两组治疗后神经功能缺损评分值均有所下降，均以治疗组为优（P〈0．05）。结论：加味黄连解毒汤治疗脑出血有效。     

警察权的限度：以使用致命武器为例的分析

为保障警察依法履行其职责，法律规定警察有使用致命武器的权利。但近年来，我国警察在使用致命武器的问题上却处于十分尴尬的境地。在现实中。警察权的行使到底应以什么为限？警察使用致命武器的标准是什么？当多个利益发生冲突时。如何寻求一种平衡来达到整体的最佳效果？为此，建议考虑在“正常警察理论”下制定相关法律，厘清并明晰此项权利的限度，以为保护公民合法权益筑起一道堡垒。     

外伤性脑梗死的形态学观察

目的 观察外伤性脑梗死的形态学特点,并探讨其与脑挫伤的鉴别。方法 从81例重型颅脑损伤中选出15例符合继发性出血坏死标准的脑标本,另选15例脑挫伤标本作对照,两者均经福尔马林固定后分别作冠状、矢状及水平切面,用肉眼与光镜观察。结果 外伤性脑梗死常见于5个部位,即基底节(3例)、扣带回(2例)、对称性枕部楔叶回(2例)、枕颞外侧回(6例,5例合并有中脑桥脑出血)和枕回(2例);梗死均不在直接受力点或其对冲点,范围明确局限,呈楔形或类楔形,且与脑疲密切相关。镜下见梗死区高度淤血、出血及坏死;水肿,并有白细胞浸润和胶质细胞反应。大脑各叶的梗死,严重者累及全皮层与蛛网膜下腔,未见软脑膜破裂;神经细胞缺氧或缺血性病变明显。脑挫伤的案例,见受力点或对冲部位的皮质及皮质下髓质处出血,挫伤处脑回顶部的软脑膜多破裂,挫伤的脑组织可有挫烂。结论 外伤性脑梗死在法医学上习惯称为继发性出血坏死;它是由于脑疝和水肿压迫颅内血管而形成。外伤性脑梗死和脑挫伤,根据其与脑疝的关系、病变部位、软脑膜是否完整,以及其它组织学改变,二者不难鉴别。     

Disopyramide and Mianserin Intoxication: A Unique Fatal Case – Review of the Literature

Lethal occurrence is exceptional after disopyramide or mianserin poisoning. A case of intentional lethal intoxication with these drugs was reported, as well as a review of the literature. Pre‐ and postmortem blood concentrations of disopyramide or mianserin were assessed in a woman who died from acute cardiac failure after ingestion. The premortem blood concentration of disopyramide alone was considered lethal, and a toxic premortem concentration of mianserin was observed that may have increased cardiovascular failure induced by disopyramide because the metabolism of both drugs is mediated via cytochrome P450. Moreover, it was shown that the postmortem redistribution of disopyramide was limited, as pre‐ and postmortem concentrations were 48 and 65 mg/L, respectively. As regards mianserin, redistribution was observed after death with pre‐ and portmortem concentrations at 0.23 and 0.79 mg/L, respectively. This case illustrates that if postmortem blood concentration of disopyramide is known, the premortem concentration can be deduced.     

中空性皮下出血宽度与致伤木棒直径的相关性

目的观察不同直径和不同打击力度的圆柱形木棒对垂直方向打击皮肤所形成的中空性皮下出血形态的相关性。方法采用生物力学击打装置,使用5种不同直径（2.0～4.0cm）木棒,从零递增击打力度（0～2300N）,对活体乳猪背部皮肤进行打击,观察乳猪背部皮肤中空性皮下出血分布范围、色泽及形态特征,并采用SPSS 13．0统计软件对所得数据进行分析。结果中空性皮下出血出现的最小打击力度阈值（230N）,随打击工具直径的增大而阈值增大（230～810N）;同一直径的木棒在不同击打力度下所形成的中空性皮下出血总宽度及中空宽度均没有统计学差异（P〉0.05）。中空性皮下出血的范围随木棒直径的增大而增大（R2=0．953,P〈0．01）;皮下出血总宽度及中空宽度与打击物直径,存在较好的正相关性（R2=0．797,P〈0．01）,符合一元线性回归方程模型。结论本研究可望用于推断垂直打击造成中空性皮下出血的木棒直径的大小,为钝器致伤工具的判断提供初步的理论依据。     

Unworthy of Grief: Enduring Urban Violence in Northeast Brazil

Pervasive urban violence has taken its toll on daily life in the northern part of Recife. Taking an ethnographic approach, and tracing recent developments of violent crime and homicide in Recife, this article explores the implications of the normalisation of violence. By thinking through how residents tried to protect themselves and endure the violence in practical and moral terms, the article seeks to elucidate why some members of the community – victims of violent crime and their mothers – were not deemed worthy of grief.     

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and sudden death

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a generalized connective tissue disorder in which there is calcification of elastic fibers within arteries, eyes, and skin. Characteristic features include yellow-orange papular skin lesions, angioid streaks radiating out from the optic discs, and arterial calcification. The prevalence in the general population varies widely from 1/70,000 to 1/160,000. PXE has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and results from mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter C6 (ABCC6) that has been mapped to 16p13.1. Over 300 loss-of-function mutations have been identified. Individuals with PXE may come to forensic attention because of sudden death involving accelerated coronary atherosclerosis with acute myocardial ischemia, systemic hypertension, mitral valve prolapse, restrictive cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. Because of the heritable nature of the disease, family counseling and screening are in order when previously unsuspected cases are encountered at autopsy.