基层司法官断档与司法考试制度改革

2002年司法考试制度确立和实施以来,逐渐出现基层司法官断档等问题.要解决这些问题,国家司法考试应当区分两个层次,一方面满足现实需要,另一方面选拔"法制精英".在考试模式上,区分为甲、乙类考试,甲类考试由中央组织,乙类考试为各省自主组织.在报名条件上和考试范围上,两类考试应各有侧重.     

激发企业工会活力的思考

贯彻《企业工会工作条例》,加强企业工会工作,是工会服从服务于党和国家工作大局的需要,是坚持走中国特色社会主义工会发展道路的需要,是扩大工会工作覆盖面、增强工会组织凝聚力的需要,是提高工会工作整体水平的需要。必须抓住贯彻《条例》的契机,找准企业工会工作的位置,围绕实现“十一五”规划,构建和谐企业、和谐社会,推动依靠工人阶级方针的落实,实施人才强国战略开展工作。要着力在增强企业工会活力的载体、制度、力量源泉、外部环境上动脑筋,想办法。     

对全面提升工会工作创新水平的几点思考

工会组织是党联系职工群众的桥梁和纽带,在推动企业改革发展稳定中肩负着繁重而艰巨的任务。如何提升工会组织的创新水平,提高服务企业大局、服务职工群众的能力,是工会干部必须努力思考和实践的重要问题。     

行政规范性文件效力在行政法治中的动态考察

行政规范性文件的出现完全是基于行政管理实践的需要,是和行政法治活动紧密联系在一起的,是行政管理的一种重要手段,应当发挥其应有的作用。对行政规范性文件的认识不能仅从静态的文本来进行,更重要的是从行政法治实践活动的动态过程中来考察,既要在立法活动中寻找它的效力来源,以保证它具有正当的上位法的依据;也要在执法活动中慎重考察它的效力层级,以保证它在各层级发挥恰当的规制作用;同时还要在司法活动中探讨它作为行政案件审判效力依据的问题,以解决行政诉讼中的一些尴尬。     

Capacity building of sea level and climate monitoring in the Pacific region： Fiji case study

In order to enhance capacity building in the Pacific region, and to raise awareness on climate change and sea level issues, teaching and training modules were made available to the Pacific community through the ＂South pacific sea level and climate monitoring project＂ funded by AusAID. Numerous training workshops have been conducted through the project since its inception in 1991 and the project is now in its fourth and final phase. It was hoped that the goals of capacity building for the stakeholders on correct information of climate change and sea level have been understood and taken heed of. In addition, ＂The scientific educational resources and experience associated with the deployment of Argo＂ （SEREAD） project was also set up especially for ocean science in the Pacific island schools in 2001. However, it has been realized that the data from this project is more relevant to tertiary level rather than to secondary level students. Consequently, a survey was carried out to gauge the students＇ outlook towards the physical side of marine science. The survey revealed that more than 80% of both tertiary level and high school non-physical science students decided not to take the physical aspect of marine science sighting reasons that it is either a difficult subject, boring, too hard to understand or difficult to pass in the examination. Even amongst students taking physical science, only about 50% believe that the physical aspect of marine science is enjoyable. A minority of students at USP and high school take science as a subject and a small proportion from them take the physical science. From this scenario, it can be predicted that there will be a shortage of physical science graduates in the future. The confidence of the Pacific community in the work of scientists is built on faith. They appreciate the effect of science on their lives and support it but are unaware of the scientific methods involved. Therefore, for the sustainability of physical aspect of marine science in the future for the Pacific region, public awareness of climate change and sea level is vitally important and it should be widely promoted in the community as a matter of urgency.     

Overcoming resistance to resistance in public administration: Resistance strategies of marginalized publics in citizen‐state interactions

There has been a general resistance to resistance studies in public administration (PA) research. Although previous research has documented instances of selective policy implementation by PA practitioners that put minority groups at a comparative disadvantage, we still have a limited understanding of the different ways in which these groups contest discriminatory administrative practices especially within non‐western developing countries. To address this gap, in this article, I discuss the various strategic responses the Khawaja Sira—a genderqueer group of Pakistan—employ in their interactions with the frontline police workers to contest their hyper‐surveillance and moral policing. The discussion illustrates that while Khawaja Sira mostly rely on individual acts of contestation in their interactions with police officers, the emerging leadership of the Khawaja Sira is enabling emergence of new forms of resistance based on social capital and collective protests. In addition to contributing to the limited literature on citizen perspectives and LGBT issues in PA research, the theoretical framework of resistance presented here can serve as a good template to analyze citizen responses to discriminatory frontline practice in other sociopolitical contexts as well.     

和谐社会背景下油地关系和谐度评价分析

本文在熟悉与和谐有关的相关理论基础上,提出了和谐度及油地关系和谐度理论。通过查阅相关和谐度评价指标,结合石油企业本身,构建出评价油地关系和谐度的评价指标体系。利用层次分析法、模糊评价法构建出评价模型,借此对油地关系的和谐度进行评价。     

Measuring multi‐level regulatory governance: Organizational proliferation,coordination, and concentration of influence

As regulation increasingly results from the interplay of a wide array of different actors operating at different levels, it has become crucial to focus on how these constellations of regulatory actors operate. Although this research field presents huge potential for theoretical development, we still lack the measurement techniques to allow systematic comparative research. We contribute to filling this gap with four indices measuring crucial characteristics of multi‐actor regulatory arrangements: (i) the scope of organizational proliferation; (ii) the extent of coordination between regulatory actors; (iii) the amount of influence that each individual regulatory actor has on the sector regulation; and (iv) the extent to which the regulatory influence is concentrated in the hands of one or a few actors. We argue that our indices are sufficiently systematic, reliable, and flexible to be applied in a variety of research contexts relating to multi‐level and multi‐actor regulatory governance.     

Recall in Germany: explaining the use of a local democratic innovation

While recall recently has gained slightly more attention from academia, the use of recall has hardly been under systematic scrutiny. Our study tackles this research gap and seeks to answer the following question: What combinations of conditions facilitate or constrain the use of local recall (in Germany)? It provides a qualitative comparative analysis of conditions of recall use in 11 German federal states. Building on theories of democratic innovations and previous studies on recall, we develop an analytic framework systematizing the conditions we include in our empirical analysis along three dimensions: institutional design, attitudinal context, and political context. While our article focuses on Germany, our analytic framework can be applied to study recall in other countries and on other levels, allowing for more systematic comparative research. Applying fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, our article provides a comprehensive picture explaining the use of recall. It shows that political and attitudinal conditions serve as an equally important explanation for recall use as the institutional design of recall does. Our article gives new insights considering the conditions for the use of direct democratic instruments.     

南京市失地农民基本养老保险给付水平分析

随着城市化、工业化的速度加快,城市空间扩张造成大量的失地农民。为失地农民提供养老保障已成为移民安置方案之一。该文构建了失地农民基本养老保险测算模型,并根据南京市历年数据对被失地农民养老保险在个人账户下和统筹帐户结合下的给付水平进行了测算与合理性分析,提出现有的失地农民基本养老保险水平偏低,需要进行调整以维护失地农民的基本权益。