亲权指数和个体识别似然比计算软件的开发与应用

目的建立计算亲子鉴定亲权指数(PI)和个体识别似然比(LR)的计算软件。方法依据相关行业规范和文献中给出的计算方法,利用计算机语言Visual Basic 6.0编写程序。结果开发出适用于PI和LR的计算软件。结论该计算软件可以帮助工作人员提高计算效率,服务法医物证工作。     

Estimation and evidence in forensic anthropology: age-at-death

A great deal has previously been written about the use of skeletal morphological changes in estimating ages-at-death. This article looks in particular at the pubic symphysis, as it was historically one of the first regions to be described in the literature on age estimation. Despite the lengthy history, the value of the pubic symphysis in estimating ages and in providing evidence for putative identifications remains unclear. This lack of clarity primarily stems from the fact that rather ad hoc statistical methods have been applied in previous studies. This article presents a statistical analysis of a large data set (n = 1766) of pubic symphyseal scores from multiple contexts, including anatomical collections, war dead, and victims of genocide. The emphasis is in finding statistical methods that will have the correct "coverage."Coverage" means that if a method has a stated coverage of 50%, then approximately 50% of the individuals in a particular pubic symphyseal stage should have ages that are between the stated age limits, and that approximately 25% should be below the bottom age limit and 25% above the top age limit. In a number of applications it is shown that if an appropriate prior age-at-death distribution is used, then "transition analysis" will provide accurate "coverages," while percentile methods, range methods, and means (+/-standard deviations) will not. Even in cases where there are significant differences in the mean ages-to-transition between populations, the effects on the stated age limits for particular "coverages" are minimal. As a consequence, more emphasis needs to be placed on collecting data on age changes in large samples, rather than focusing on the possibility of inter-population variation in rates of aging.     

关于任务型教学法的几个问题

任务教学法是教师通过引导学生完成各种任务来实现教学目标,即用目标语进行有目的交际的教学活动。任务型教学法分为“结构型”、“交际型”和“中间型”三种模式。结合我国外语教学实践,“中间型”模式更适合我国外语教学。     

论刑事和解与民间规范

刑事和解,是我国正在倡导和试验的一种刑事纠纷解决方式。刑事和解的核心问题是处理加害人和受害人之间的权利义务关系。究竟根据什么规范处理、分配刑事和解中当事人的权利义务问题,是刑事和解的重要前提。民间规范如果一旦获得刑事和解主持人、当事人在行为上的遵从、接受和心理上的确信、认同,则可以被援引为刑事和解中当事人权利义务分配的根据。不同类型的民间规范,具有不同模式的权利义务配置方式,但这都不影响在刑事和解中对当事人的权利义务分配。国家有关刑事和解正式制度的建立,应关注民间规范的参与,关注对民间规范的吸纳。     

雕琢民法草案中的债权让与--建立统一对抗要件

债权让与涉及让与合同外的债务人和第三人利益,因此其在让与双方间生效后存在一个对外效力问题.目前各国多采取了以通知为对外生效的对抗要件模式,但各国具体规定不统一,也没有明确多重让与时相互间的效力,而通知本身的内涵也十分狭隘和笼统.我国尚未明确建立债权让与的要件模式,当前的几个民法典草案对这一问题进行了讨论和设计,有一定的突破但仍局限在通知对抗要件中.文章提出了统一对抗要件模式,对通知的内涵有了新的演绎,而且跳出惟通知独尊的认识,增加债务人同意为补充要件,对债权进行了重新分类,并尝试着草拟出了统一对抗要件的立法条文.