Evolution of presidential news coverage

This study is the second of two reporting on how the American presidency has been rhetorically constructed for the nation's citizens by the mass media between 1945 and 1985. These research papers examined 412 Time magazine articles on the presidency, keying on such matters as how that magazine documented its reportage, which presidential qualities, behaviors, and problems it emphasized, and how Time used language strategies to describe and evaluate the presidency. By using a variety of content analytic methods, the authors detected two general trends in Time’s coverage: (1) the American presidency has been portrayed as an increasingly besieged institution—socially, politically, and psychologically—and (2) Time’s heavy focus on bureaucratic politics has resulted in an increasing institutionalization of the presidency. A variety of data support these two conclusions and suggest, furthermore, the existence of an over‐arching conceptual model in Time’s discussions of the presidency. The implications of this model are explored briefly here.     

论刑事和解与民间规范

刑事和解,是我国正在倡导和试验的一种刑事纠纷解决方式。刑事和解的核心问题是处理加害人和受害人之间的权利义务关系。究竟根据什么规范处理、分配刑事和解中当事人的权利义务问题,是刑事和解的重要前提。民间规范如果一旦获得刑事和解主持人、当事人在行为上的遵从、接受和心理上的确信、认同,则可以被援引为刑事和解中当事人权利义务分配的根据。不同类型的民间规范,具有不同模式的权利义务配置方式,但这都不影响在刑事和解中对当事人的权利义务分配。国家有关刑事和解正式制度的建立,应关注民间规范的参与,关注对民间规范的吸纳。     

商标转让的理论建构与制度设计

作为商标这一符号的所指,商誉乃是其不可分割的组成部分。传统商标转让规则,无论要求商标连同商誉转让抑或允许其单独转让,其表述本身就背离了符号学基本原理,在适用过程中最终都转换为,要求商标连同营业转让或允许其自由转让。不进行这样的转换,上述规则根本就无从适用,更遑论合理与否。历史地看,商标转让制度经历了从连同转让向自由转让的模式转变。在当代,包括我国在内的各主要国家和地区实际适用的都是自由转让模式,这也正是巴黎公约和TRIPs协定所持基本立场。在我国,出于保护消费者利益的考虑,立法者还为商标受让人设定了品质保证义务。表面看来,上述规定系商标品质保证功能的具体体现,实则违背商标制度的运行机理,理当删除。     

Automatic Comparison and Evaluation of Impressions Left by a Firearm on Fired Cartridge Cases

Recent years have been characterized by a series of publications in the field of firearms investigation questioning the reliability and objectivity of such examination. This research investigates new solutions to decrease the subjective component affecting the evaluation that follows the comparison of impressions left by a firearm on the surface of spent cartridge cases. An automatic comparison system based on 3D measurements has been developed and coupled to a bivariate evaluative model allowing assigning likelihood ratios. Based on a dataset of 79 pistols (all SIG Sauer 9 mm Luger caliber), the system shows a very high discriminating power and the LRs that it provides are very indicative of the true state under both the prosecution and the defense propositions. For example, likelihood ratios exceeding a billion are predominantly obtained when impressions originating from the same source are compared. The system is also characterized by relatively low rates (≤1%) of misleading evidence depending on the firearm considered.     

海上保险代位求偿权之民法法源研究

针对《中华人民共和国保险法》和《中华人民共和国海商法》下就海上保险代位求偿权的相关法律规定,和保险代位求偿实务中出现的具体问题,采取定性分析法,提出在中国民商合一的立法体制下,保险代位求偿制度是民法中“公平原则”与保险法“补偿愿则”所奥合而成的必然产物,其民事本质为法定的债权转移。在该定性的前提下,对中国现行立法中的相关规定加以解释梳理,结合司法实践对保险代位求偿制度在英美法系和大陆法系下的不同进行比较分析,并从民法的角度对该制度加以完善,以求解决实践中可能出现的问题。     

The impact of the principles of evidence interpretation on the structure and content of statements

The Forensic Science Service (FSS) has devoted appreciable effort to developing the application of the principles of evidence interpretation. Much of the work has been reported in previous papers in this journal, in particular those that develop a model for Case Assessment and Interpretation (CAI). The principles of interpretation are restated and the implications for structure and content of statements are described.     

法定的债权移转之下的保险代位权制度的困境与选择

在以防止被保险人不当得利这一统一的价值引领之下,大陆与英美两大法系发展出法定的债权移转与权利法定代位两种不同的制度安排。由于不真正连带债务理论的局限,法定的债权移转无法有效地防止被保险人的不当得利,而权利法定代位则有助于克服前者所面临的困境,并以此成为一个相对优化的制度选择。我国目前的研究已经对法定的债权移转的困境展开初步的检讨,但是,其尚未对不真正连带债务这一基本理论构造进行深刻的批判。因此,当下的研究有必要上升到防止被保险人不当得利这一价值高度,由此证明不真正连带债务理论所构造的保险代位权制度存在着价值落空的困境,从而为我国当下保险代位权制度的重塑奠定基础。     

对外开放与我国银行业的发展——兼论对金融混业经营的再反思

加入WTO后,我国国有商业银行将面临越来越多的竞争和挑战.如何应对这一挑战,不仅要借鉴西方国家的成功经验,而且还要联系中国现阶段的国情.目前,我国国有商业银行实行的分业经营管理模式,在短时期内仍然是合乎实际的正确做法.