论经济法的理论基础

任何法部门都要有理论基础。经济法理论基础应当以讲求法意理论、突出经济法特征和承认其他部门法理论基础为立论之本,并从经济法价值层面推衍出来。以往学界关于经济法理论基础的研究还没能够符合这些条件,故诸说成立的根据不充分;而民商法、行政法、社会法等理论基础对于从经济法价值层面推衍的"整体经济效益"的价值取向及覆盖的法内容,又无力支撑。于是,寻找经济法自身的根本理论支撑就十分关键了。笔者研究发现,经济法为了实现"整体经济效益"的价值取向,必须不断解决个体性经营无序带来的"整体"损害问题,于是,经济法配置的整体性经济权应当是限定个体性经营权的职权。笔者将这一理论称为"限权论"并定位为经济法理论基础。这一理论也是在与民商法的"保权论"、行政法的"控权论"、社会法的"扶权论"等理论基础的界分和协调中形成的。     

Dysfunctional state institutions,trust, and governance in areas of limited statehood

Areas of limited statehood where the state is absent or dysfunctional are rarely ungoverned or ungovernable spaces. The provision of rules and regulations, as well as of public goods and services – governance – does not necessarily depend on the existence of functioning state institutions. How can this be explained? To begin with, we identify functional equivalents to state institutions that fail to govern hierarchically. Moreover, we focus on informal institutions based on trust that are endogenous to areas of limited statehood. Personalized trust among community members enables actors to overcome collective action problems and enhances the legitimacy of governance actors. The main challenge in areas of limited statehood, which are often characterized by social heterogeneity and deep social and cultural cleavages (particularly in post‐conflict societies) is to move to generalized trust beyond the local level and to “imagined communities among strangers,” despite dysfunctional state institutions. We propose two mechanisms: First, the more group‐based identities are constructed in inclusive ways and the more group identities are cross‐cutting and overlapping, the more they lead to and maintain generalized trust. Second, experiences with fair and impartial institutions and governance practices – irrespective of whether state or non‐state – also lead to generalized trust beyond the local level and allow for the upscaling of governance.     

Verbal Ability and Persistent Offending: A Race-specific Test of Moffitt’s Theory

Theoretical questions linger over the applicability of the verbal ability model to African-Americans and the social control theory hypothesis that educational failure mediates the effect of verbal ability on offending patterns. Accordingly, this paper investigates whether verbal ability distinguishes between offending groups within the context of Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy. Questions are addressed with longitudinal data spanning childhood through young-adulthood from an ongoing national panel, and multinomial and hierarchical Poisson models (overdispersed). In multinomial models, low verbal ability predicts membership in a life-course-persistent-oriented group relative to an adolescent-limited-oriented group. Hierarchical models indicate that verbal ability is associated with arrest outcomes among White and African-American subjects, with effects consistently operating through educational attainment (high school dropout). The results support Moffitt’s hypothesis that verbal deficits distinguish adolescent-limited- and life-course-persistent-oriented groups within race, as well as the social control model of verbal ability.     

论我国一人公司的法律规制

随着市场经济和公司制度的发展,一人公司以自身的特点赢得了投资者的关注,并被许多国家所认可。一人公司已在实践中对我国《公司法》实施提出了挑战。实践中,一人公司大量存在,完全禁止绝无可能。为了我国市场经济和企业的科学发展,应从法律上对一人公司进行规制,确认一人公司的合法地位,并加以积极规范以趋利避害。     

柏拉图与亚里士多德法律学说知识论基础比较

柏拉图和亚里士多德的制度追求之不同,源于各自的实证理论差异。基于对社会中人们的自利行为、知识分布和理性程度的不同判断以及判断上的强弱区别,他们理想的社会决策方式分别是哲学王式的集中控制和法治下的个人选择。     

老子的行政哲学与新一轮政府治道变革——兼论克强经济学的政策逻辑

老子的哲学思想对当代中国政府治道变革具有重要的指导意义。笔者通过分析老子行政哲学与新一届政府改革新思维的内在联系,旨在揭示老子行政哲学从内在价值取向和外部行为选择两个层面与政府改革新思维的契合主线。内在的价值取向就是无欲—无私—无畏,进而在行为路径上展现为无为—为不恃—无不为。它隐含着政府治道变革的前提是政府自身无欲状态,政府改革必须进行无私的顶层设计,推进改革必须具有无畏的精神。落实到政府改革层面,必须在行为取向上以无为、为不恃、无不为为路径,实现有限政府、效能政府和人民满意的现代政府目标。要想取得改革的成功,需要借鉴老子行政哲学的昭示,强化政府改革的价值与行为逻辑的内在一致性。     

限量放权后"模仿式"地方立法困局的破解之道

修订之后的《立法法》对设区的市实施的限量放权是我国立法体制的重大变化,也是十八届三中、四中全会以来力求走出中央与地方关系怪圈的最新探索.限量放权的重大改革举措,虽然为地方治理经验的法治化吹来一股清新之风,但也使迅猛推进的"模仿式"立法转而陷入尴尬的窘境之中.切实共享立法体制改革的制度红利,实现地方事务治理的法治化与规范化,必须准确把握地方立法限量放权的初衷与要点,从注重问题导向与民意担当的高度,着眼于"为谁立法"立什么法"怎样立法"等关键问题,均衡各方利益博弈,做好配套制度变革,真正使地方立法平稳过渡与有效承接,及早摆脱"模仿式"地方立法的时代困局.     

论他物权的设定

我国物权法理论主要是以所有权为中心展开对物权变动的讨论,而忽视了他物权设定的特殊性。他物权的设定与所有权的移转存在着诸多区别,原则上他物权应通过物权设定的合同加公示方法才能设定。不动产他物权设定的模式一般应采取登记要件主义。     

公司法人本质属性回归

公司法人有限责任是公司之生命价值所在,而公司法人独立财产则是公司法人有限责任的前提和基础,二者相辅相成,同为公司最根本的属性.在此基础上,应完善相关法律规定,明确公司法人财产的独立性,使公司法人本质属性得以回归,进而促进公司法人制度在我国社会经济发展中发挥更大的作用.