公司法人本质属性回归

公司法人有限责任是公司之生命价值所在,而公司法人独立财产则是公司法人有限责任的前提和基础,二者相辅相成,同为公司最根本的属性.在此基础上,应完善相关法律规定,明确公司法人财产的独立性,使公司法人本质属性得以回归,进而促进公司法人制度在我国社会经济发展中发挥更大的作用.     

论洛克有限政府思想及其宪政价值

洛克作为近代宪政民主政治思想重要的奠基人之一,凭借《政府论》上、下两篇的论述,在批判"君权神授"的基础上,对"有限政府"思想进行了较为全面的阐释。尤以《政府论》下篇为代表,对后世宪政的发展产生了莫大的影响。可以说在洛克相关理论的影响下,才有了今日限制政治权力、保障公民权利的现代宪政理论。本文通过对洛克有限政府思想进行溯源剖析,分析其中所蕴含的宪政价值。     

The Need for Gender-Sensitive Medical Interpreters for Victims with Limited English Proficiency in Sexual Assault Examinations

Abstract

The difficulties and trauma associated with sexual violence are exacerbated by language difficulties. Language difficulties pose particular barriers in accessing legal, social, medical and support services. This presents additional challenges for sexual assault response teams (SART). The SART members serve critical functions in supporting a victim of sexual violence from trauma to trial.

This paper addresses the need for trained gender-sensitive medical interpreters for adult female victims with limited English proficiency (LEP) in sexual assault examination, and thus the need for inclusion of trained medical interpreters in SART. Such needs were articulated from interviews with advocates and medical interpreters in the US, from literature reviews and conversations with women with LEP in the US. The paper closes with a set of specific recommendations that will promote comfortable accessible service to female victims of sexual violence with LEP.     

American Criminal Justice Exposed

In The Ethics of Capital Punishment: A Philosophical Investigation of Evil and Its Consequences, Matthew Kramer argues that none of the standard rationales used to justify capital punishment successfully vindicates it and that a new justification, the purgative rationale, justifies capital punishment for defilingly evil offenders. In this article, it is argued, first, that a version of retributivism that adheres to the lex talionis as Kramer understands it does seem to call exclusively for the death penalty. Second, it is submitted that the purgative rationale is over-inclusive inasmuch as Kramer considers it applicable to certain offenders with abusive or deprived backgrounds, some offenders indoctrinated to adhere to pernicious ideologies that have impelled their crimes, and wrongdoers who have sincerely repented. Third, doubts are expressed about whether the purgative rationale justifies the execution of any offenders. Even if it is true that the continued existence of an extravagantly evil offender represents an affront to humanity, as Kramer suggests, a moral obligation to execute him does not follow. Since repentance is intrinsically valuable and since repentance would extinguish the affront to humanity, the community in which an unrepentant evil offender abides is duty-bound to foster repentance on the part of the offender by imposing banishment or life imprisonment, sanctions that afford the offender the most extensive opportunity for repentance. The community is therefore obligated to impose one of these sanctions instead of capital punishment.     

论非法拘禁罪的犯罪对象

有关非法拘禁罪的犯罪对象问题历来颇有争议,应在学说梳理基础之上进行价值抉择与类型考量。非法拘禁罪的犯罪对象的判定应当以“限定说”和“可能说”为根据,而不能采用“无限定说”和“现实说”,否则会招致明显不当。襁褓中的婴儿、被看护的植物人不能成为非法拘禁罪的犯罪对象;意识清醒的高位截瘫的人、儿童、高度精神病人都能成为非法拘禁罪的犯罪对象。     

论《反不正当竞争法》一般条款的适用

随着市场经济竞争的日趋激烈,各种新型不正当竞争行为层出不穷,为了加强对正当竞争主体的保护,应明确《反不正当竞争法》一般条款适用的条件、一般条款适用的限制规定,创造一个公平竞争的市场交易环境。     

法人人格与有限责任

一般企业法学理论认为 ,企业的成员团体性是其获得法律人格的基础 ,企业的成员责任有限性是其获得法律人格的特征 ,但企业法人人格和成员有限责任的法律目的性却对此提出了异议。     

监护人责任规范问题研究——由民法典侵权责任编(草案三次审议稿)切入

民法典侵权责任编(草案三次审议稿)第九百六十四条规定的监护人责任存在归责原则不明、被监护人是否承担责任不明确、缺乏侵权之因果关系、忽视监护人职责履行之条件等问题。其原因在于监护人责任承担的理论基础不明、过度保护受害人、未兼顾对被监护人的保护和教育等。监护人责任的应然内涵应是:无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为人不法侵害他人造成损害的,由与其共同生活的监护人承担侵权责任。限制民事行为能力人在辨识能力范围内与监护人承担连带责任。监护人能够证明自己尽了监护义务或者即使尽了监护义务仍无法阻止损害发生的,不承担责任。     

从“全能”到“有限”——论当代行政思维现实转换

全能政府的思维模式是计划经济的必然产物,市场z经济的确立和完善需要有限政府.经济体制的转轨必然要求行政理念和方式的现实转换.本文从全能政府思维的现实困境、有限政府的理想状态以及市场经济的现实要求等方面,阐述当代行政思维转换的必要性,进而探讨如何实现从全能政府到有限思维的当代转换.     

论宪法权利的本质

宪法权利是一种反向权利,原则上不能被当正向权利加以定位,但是,应正视反向权利的宪法定位有可能引发的宪法权利虚置问题;宪法权利是一种公权利,原则上不能被用来调整私人之间的关系,但是应创设相应的制度机制来应对社会的变迁所带来的对宪法权利私法适用的内在要求;宪法权利是一种底线性权利,而不是一种穷尽性权利,但是在对其底线性定位的同时,应注意防止宪法权利的泛化现象。