Optical Characterization of Some Modern “Eco‐Friendly” Fibers*

Abstract: Fibers that are termed “eco‐friendly” or “biodegradable” by manufacturers are increasingly being used in textile products such as apparel and carpeting to appeal to the ever more environmentally aware public. As such, these modern fibers are expected to begin showing up more often in forensic casework, and it is important that the forensic examiner recognize them. This study employed polarized light microscopy (PLM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to characterize selected fibers of azlon, polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose composites of alginate or chitin, and bamboo (viscose rayon). Fiber cross‐sections, refractive indices, melting points, solubilities, and FTIR measurements were conducted. Results indicate that the azlons and PLA fibers are easily distinguishable from other textile fibers by their optical and chemical properties. The cellulose composites show only small differences in comparison with other cellulose‐based fibers, while bamboo viscose rayon is indistinguishable from normal viscose rayon.     

A new method for the recovery and evidential comparison of footwear impressions using 3D structured light scanning

Footwear impressions are one of the most common forms of evidence to be found at a crime scene, and can potentially offer the investigator a wealth of intelligence. Our aim is to highlight a new and improved technique for the recovery of footwear impressions, using three-dimensional structured light scanning. Results from this preliminary study demonstrate that this new approach is non-destructive, safe to use and is fast, reliable and accurate. Further, since this is a digital method, there is also the option of digital comparison between items of footwear and footwear impressions, and an increased ability to share recovered footwear impressions between forensic staff thus speeding up the investigation.     

刑事照相常用紫外光源照射对DNA检验的影响研究

目的探究刑事照相常用紫外光源照射不同客体上的血指印和汗潜指印后对DNA检验产生的影响。方法分别使用254nm和365nm紫外光源在不同照射距离,不同照射时间下对不同客体表面制备的原血指印、微量血指印和汗潜指印检材进行照射,随后进行DNA定量分析。结果原血指印经紫外照射后对DNA检验结果无显著影响,微量血指印和汗潜指印经紫外照射对后续DNA检验结果认定影响较大。结论紫外光波长越短、功率越大、照射距离越短、照射时间越长,对DNA检验结果的影响越大。     

LED多波段光源显现人民币上潜指印的研究

目的研究显现、提取遗留在人民币上潜在指印的方法。方法采用荧光试剂罗丹明6G对人民币进行染色处理,以LED多波段光源输出的波长为520nm的绿光照射检材,透过580nm的带通型干涉滤光镜观察指印的显现效果,并拍照提取。结果获得亮纹线暗背景的指印图像,指印纹线清晰,反差良好,特征丰富,具备良好的检验鉴定条件。结论 LED多波段光源输出的波长为520nm的绿光与罗丹明6G染色指印的吸收特性吻合,是显现、提取遗留在人民币上潜在指印的良好光源。     

职务犯罪轻刑化现象反思

职务犯罪轻刑化成为普遍现象,引起社会广泛关注.职务犯罪轻刑化主要表现为立案起点高,自首适用标准宽泛,缓、免刑率高及刑罚执行不严格.这一现象成因包括对该类犯罪的认识不到位、官本位文化的影响、因取证难使得自首情节适用率高、审判人员被干扰及枉法裁判、执行阶段标准控制不严等.遏制职务犯罪轻刑化路径要强化对职务犯罪立案及侦查过程的监督、强化用量刑建议权对审判的监督、落实上下两级人民检察院对案件第一审判决同步审查机制及加强对刑罚执行阶段的监督等.     

Enhancing the Visibility of Injuries with Narrow‐Banded Beams of Light within the Visible Light Spectrum

The use of narrow‐banded visible light sources in improving the visibility of injuries has been hardly investigated, and studies examining the extent of this improvement are lacking. In this study, narrow‐banded beams of light within the visible light spectrum were used to explore their ability in improving the visibility of external injuries. The beams of light were induced by four crime‐lites^® providing narrow‐banded beams of light between 400 and 550 nm. The visibility of the injuries was assessed through specific long‐pass filters supplied with the set of crime‐lites^®. Forty‐three percent of the examined injuries improved in visibility by using the narrow‐banded visible light. In addition, injuries were visualized that were not visible or just barely visible to the naked eye. The improvements in visibility were particularly marked with the use of crime‐lites^® “violet” and “blue” covering the spectrum between 400–430 and 430–470 nm. The simple noninvasive method showed a great potential contribution in injury examination.     

论行政处罚中的实体从旧兼从轻原则

《行政处罚法》的实施应注重对相对人权利的保护,从旧兼从轻原则无疑是行政处罚实体问题上最合理的溯及力原则。虽然最高法的《纪要》对该原则的适用进行了肯定,但《纪要》的法律效力不足,加之缺乏明确具体的统一规定,在新旧法律适用问题上过度依赖个法的事后解释,使行政处罚中实体从旧兼从轻原则的适用遭遇困境,故亟需对其适用范围等争议进行厘清,在《行政处罚法》总则中对其适用范围做出具体规定,并在各单行法的过渡条款中进行精细设置,以保证该原则在行政处罚领域适用的一致性。     

以厂务公开推进企业民主管理

厂务公开,是指企业行为和企业领导行为的公开化.厂务公开的核心是公开,其目的是为职工广泛参与企业管理创造良好条件.为此,厂务公开将会为国企改革引入新的管理机制发挥很大作用,达到推进企业民主管理,促进企业发展的目的.     

论刑法的谦抑性

刑法应尽量少用、慎用，力求以最小的刑法成本这到遏制犯罪、预防犯罪的目的，这就是刑法的谦抑性，其包含以下两个方面的内容：非犯罪化和轻刑化。在我国适用刑法的谦抑性原则时，应当在坚持非犯罪化趋势的基础上，推进“非犯罪化”与“犯罪化”双向进程；在推行轻刑化的过程中，应注意其长期性和相对性。     

论我国土地刑法的完善

我国土地刑法的诸多方面还存在不完善之处，对土地刑法的完善应坚持以下理念：土地刑法的基本法益应当是生态利益而非财产利益；土地刑法应当犯罪化而不是非犯罪化；土地刑法应当坚持轻刑化而非重刑化：土地刑法应当采取集中与分散相结合而非集中立法划一的立法模式。