犯罪问题研究综述

犯罪问题具有普遍性,是长期困扰人类社会的难题之一。文章从宏观和微观角度阐述了国内外研究现状,并详细总结了近几年的研究方法,如数据挖掘、模糊数学、神经网络、灰色系统等。然后,指出了犯罪问题研究中存在的犯罪明数与犯罪暗数问题,最后给出了犯罪问题研究的发展趋势,对犯罪问题研究具有较强的指导意义。     

两极化刑事政策之批判

近年来我国不少学者积极倡导美国的两极化刑事政策。20世纪70年代产生于美国的两极化刑事政策有其特殊的背景和成因，它是对过度的矫正刑运动的反思与调整，重刑主义是其重心和实质，在理论上存在难以克服的矛盾和错乱。两极化刑事政策并非多数国家普遍奉行的刑事政策，即使在美国也不是一项长久持续的刑事政策。两极化刑事政策既不符合我国刑事法治的现实需要，也与我国目前提倡的宽严相济刑事政策相违背。我国不宜实行两极化刑事政策。     

开拓汗潜手印显现的新领域

系统论述了JHF-系列荧光粉末和JHC-系列荧光磁性粉显现汗液指纹的理论基础和主要特点,比较了与金属粉末显现手印的不同效果,列举了在不同客体和不同留痕条件下显现的汗潜手印的方法.     

秦汉时期奸罪论考

古代法中通奸是指男女之间不正当的性行为.通过对秦汉时期和奸、强奸、禽兽行、居丧奸四个种类,约81个事例和案例的考察,认为这一时期性关系比较宽泛,各类奸罪普遍存在,法律对奸罪的处置适用"奸罪非罪"或"奸罪轻刑",其重点打击的奸罪仅为禽兽行.     

开设多波段光源发现痕迹的实验

多波段光源已广泛应用于痕迹检验、现场勘察等领域,是公安机关侦破案件的一个重要武器。公安院校刑侦、刑技专业的学生,通过做多波段光源发现痕迹的实验来掌握该项技术很有必要。     

Resolving Reflection and Resolution in 3D Imaging of Fresh Bone

Structured light scanning is a noninvasive, accurate, and cost-effective 3D imaging technique, but due to reflection issues is yet to be utilized for tool mark analysis on fresh bone. During imaging, reflection from shiny surfaces, such as greasy bone, disrupts image formation. This study tested the David SLS-1 scanner's ability to image saw marks and explored six strategies to reduce reflection by [1] dulling the surface or [2] altering the projected light. The surface was dulled by freezing, talcum powder, dulling spray, or compressed air. The projected light was altered with a diffuser or limited to single pattern-coded. Results demonstrated that the resolution was insufficient for capturing minute details of striae. All six tests failed to reduce reflection sufficiently to produce complete images, but projecting vertical pattern-coded light showed the most promise. Future research is required concentrating on enhancing resolution and exploring the role of pattern-coded light in reducing reflection.     

A More Efficient Method for Synthetic Textile Fiber Analysis Using Polarized Light Microscopy

The efficiency of conventional polarized light microscopy (PLM) methods for analyzing synthetic fiber evidence analyses is improved. Historically, using PLM for fiber identification relied on measuring refractive index. This prior PLM technology is reliable, but it is not efficient. Most fibers are optically anisotropic, having two principal refractive index values, N_(High) and N_(Low). When the fiber is mounted in intermediate refractive index medium, efficiency is improved by observing the change in contrast while the polarized light’s vector is rotated relative to the fiber’s axis. Minimum contrast occurs when the refractive indices of the mounting medium and fiber are equal. This angle of equality is determined by orienting the fiber’s highest refractive index parallel to the polarized light’s electric field vector, rotating the fiber or polarizing element, observing minimum contrast and measuring the angle of equality. This method is rapid, reduces remounting fibers in different mounting media and provides a quantitative measure for fiber comparisons.     

未成年人犯罪成人化现象的思考

未成年人犯罪成人化是未成年人犯罪中较为突出的现象。基于对未成年人犯罪生理上成人化和心理上幼稚化矛盾的认识，建议宜对未成年人犯罪实行轻刑化、非刑罚化和刑罚严厉化并用的政策，并采取建立独立的少年审判机构、建立多种非刑罚性的处罚方式和适当降低最低刑事责任年龄等三项具体措施，以有效治理未成年人犯罪成人化问题。     

亮绿SF溶液增强红色光滑客体表面潜血手印技术研究

目的探索一种实验室和犯罪现场上均可使用的红色光滑表面上血潜手印新型显现技术。方法把0.2g亮绿SF溶解到容积为200m L盛有5m L蒸馏水的烧杯中,然后加入0.2g正四丁基碘化铵、93m L无水乙醇,使用玻璃棒搅拌,充分溶解后,最后加入盐酸2m L形成绿色透明溶液作为显现液,采用精细喷雾器喷涂客体增强红色光滑面潜血手印,潜血手印增强后,照相提取后并对局部放大观察效果,研究其对红色光滑表面潜血手印的增强效果。结果对遗留手印进行了批量显现与统计分析,0.2%的亮绿SF酒精显现液对红色客体表面潜血手印的反应极其敏感,实验室条件下潜血手印样本显现率可达100%,显出的手印纹线清晰连贯,反差明显,无颜色背景,且局部放大能够有效显示出纹线的细节特征。结论 0.2%的亮绿SF显现液能有效增强红色光滑客体表面潜血手印,反差极其明显,可以作为红色光滑客体表面潜血手印增强试剂。     

论黑白摄影的特殊语言

从生理学的角度来讲，由于黑白灰具有优先唤起视觉神经感知的特性，最能引起人们视觉的关注，而且能打动他们的内心世界。从艺术表现的角度看黑白摄影，由于需要把五彩缤纷的彩色世界转换为单纯的黑白灰天地，把各种的彩色关系概括和凝炼成多种黑白灰的阶调关系来表现被摄物体，这样就构成了黑白摄影独有的特殊语言。黑白摄影的特殊语言涉及到黑白灰的造型语言、情感语言和关系语言三个方面。