用α-珠旦白-3’HVR探针研究DNA指纹

用α-珠蛋白-3’HVR探针,经Southern印迹法,对100名不相关个体及4个家系的32名相关个体的DNA指纹进行了检测,所产生的DNA图谱具有高度的个体特异性,在被测的所有个体中无一相同。经统计学计算表明,任意两个个体DNA指纹图重合率为10~(-11)。家系分析毒明,DNA片段严格按照孟德尔方式遗传。该探针的应用,将在法医学亲子鉴定和个人同一认定中发挥重要的作用。     

骨骼个体识别系统的研究

骨骼个体识别系统的研究花锋，田雪梅，孙建军，沈旭昆ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＳｙｓｔｅｍＢａｓｅｄｏｆｔｈｅＩｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｋｅｌｅｔｏｎ￥Ｈｕａｆｅｎｇ；Ｔｉａｎｘｖｅｍｅｉ；Ｓｕｎｊｉａｎｊｕｎ；（...     

医疗事故鉴定相关问题分析

"医疗过失鉴定"概念应当取代"医疗事故鉴定结论"概念。医疗纠纷诉讼中的医疗鉴定机构应当统一为医学会。分析论证我国的医疗鉴定结论证明能力与证明力,结合我国实际提出了相关的立法完善建议。     

分泌抗人红细胞膜单克隆抗体细胞株的建立

以人的红细胞膜为抗原，采用选择性免疫抑制的程序，免疫BALB／C小鼠。经免疫的小鼠脾细胞与SP2／0骨髓瘤细胞融合，用血凝法筛选出3株分泌抗人红细胞膜种属特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤，即M1A7C4．M3A5B7和M3D9F1。连续传代2个月及复苏冻存半年的杂交瘤，仍能稳定地分泌抗人红细胞膜单克隆抗体。初步鉴定证明：该抗体具有稳定的种属特异性，可鉴别人与其它动物，特别是猴的红细胞，不与己知的血型特异性成分交叉，可凝集成人及脐带血的红细胞。     

The forensic examination of photographic equipment and materials

The scientific examination of cameras, negatives and photographic prints can provide valuable evidence. The methods used and examples of their value in criminal cases are given. The background and experience necessary to carry out this work is discussed.     

Three-dimensional surface topography acquisition and analysis for firearm identification

In the last decade, computer-based systems for the comparison of microscopic firearms evidence have been the subject of considerable research work because of their expected capability of supporting the firearms examiner through the automated analysis of large amounts of evidence. The Integrated Ballistics Identification System, which is based on a two-dimensional representation of the specimen surface, has been widely adopted in forensic laboratories worldwide. More recently, some attempts to develop systems based on three-dimensional (3D) representations of the specimen surface have been made, both in the literature and as industrial products, such as BulletTRAX-3D, but fundamental limitations in achieving fully automated identification remain. This work analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of a 3D-based approach by proposing an approach and a prototype system for firearms evidence comparison that is based on the acquisition and analysis of the 3D surface topography of specimens, with particular reference to cartridge cases. The concept of 3D virtual comparison microscope is introduced, whose purpose is not to provide fully automated identification, but to show how the availability of 3D shape information can provide a whole new set of verification means, some of them being described and discussed in this work, specifically, visual enhancement tools and quantitative measurement of shape properties, for supporting, not replacing, the firearm examiner in reaching the final decision.     

Frequencies of morphological characteristics in two contemporary forensic collections: implications for identification

Positive identification relies on comparison of antemortem and postmortem data. Some identifications are based on morphological features such as fracture, pathological condition, and surgical hardware, despite little literature indicating the frequencies of such traits. This study examines whether such features are sufficiently rare as to be deemed individualizing. Data were collected on two modern North American skeletal collections (N=482 individuals). Presence/absence of features was scored by skeletal element and side. Results indicate that frequencies vary by geographic region (higher frequency of fractures and pathological conditions in New Mexico while individuals in Tennessee were more likely to have surgical interventions), many features such as fractures are remarkably common and that even suites of traits may not be individualizing. Caution is warranted when using written data rather than radiographic comparisons as the primary source of identification. The implications of these findings to missing person databases are also discussed.     

近红外显微分光光度法鉴别油漆的研究

本文借助显微分光光度计系统在近红外区域对几种“色觉”相似的油漆样品进行了光谱学分析。结果表明，近红外显微分光光度计能有效地鉴别颜色相似的油漆。该法准确、可靠，且不破坏检材．对实际检案有重要意义。     

103名中国汉族唇纹特征分析

本文分析了103名中国汉族人的唇纹特征,其中男性57人,女性46人,年龄范围为22～58岁。按照金子·丑之助提出的分类方法,对中国汉族人的唇纹进行了分类,并进行了统计分析,得出了中国汉族各型唇纹的分类,并且比较了唇纹的性别差异和上下唇之间的差异。中国人唇纹的类型男性以Ⅲ型为高,女性以Ⅰ型为高。     

MSCT及图像后处理在鼻骨骨折法医鉴定中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及图像后处理在鼻骨骨折法医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法采用MSCT对134例被鉴定人进行薄层扫描并行多平面重建(MPR)和表面遮盖成像(SSD)。比较MSCT与常规X线诊断结果。结果线型骨折55(41.04%)例,粉碎型骨折46例(34.33%),凹陷型骨折27例(20.15%),未见骨折6例(4.48%)。X线平片及CR片漏、误诊48例(35.82%)。MSCT正确诊断133例(99.25%)。两者诊断结果存在显著差异(χ2=45.0816,P<0.001)。结论MSCT及后处理图像应作为鼻骨骨折法医鉴定的主要依据。