On the front lines of democracy: perceptions of electoral officials and democratic elections

Electoral officials play a crucial role in instilling confidence in elections and democracy. They are involved in the most important tasks of running elections, from registering voters to counting the ballots. This article employs survey data from 35 countries from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010–2014) which asks respondents about their perceptions of electoral integrity and the quality of democracy in their country. The analysis demonstrates the relationship between perceptions of the fairness of electoral officials and two important outcomes: confidence in the fairness of the vote count, and perceptions of the overall quality of democracy. It additionally considers under which circumstances this relationship is most pronounced and shows that the relationship between an individual’s perceptions of electoral officials and perceptions of electoral integrity is more pronounced in countries where there is a low liberal democracy index.     

论《庄子·人间世》寓言主体的政治身份

《逍遥游》《齐物论》论述的政治身份是圣人,而《人间世》寓言主体的政治身份是君子百官。君子百官是庄子“古之道术”政治图式的重要一环。在这一政治理想图式中,圣人无名;君子百官各司其职,因时而用,这是《人间世》思想的重要背景。该篇通过颜回、叶公子高、颜阖三个寓言故事的描写和有关才之有用无用的讨论展开论述,其落脚点在于君子百官这一政治身份,不宜扩大到普遍的人世间。     

监察吏治的实现障碍——以明代监察官职务犯罪为视角的考察

与中国古代官僚制度几乎同生同长的监察制度,到有明一代,已发展成为严密细致、多层次、多元化的制度网络。可以说,一个监察系统,足以折射出明代近三个世纪的官僚政治实况。明代监察制度最为重要的特点是:一方面充分体现了专制皇权统治的高度强化;另一方面亦体现了对监察官自身职务犯罪的全面防范。明代监察法制最具实质性的意义,主要体现在制度预防上,而这一作用的发挥,因受立法上的局限和司法上人为因素的影响而被极大地削弱了,成为明代监察吏治的实现障碍。     

论问责官员复出机制的构建——兼谈《关于实行党政领导干部问责的暂行规定》

伴随着问责制的常态化,问责官员的复出成为一个不可回避的问题。目前,我国问责官员复出的两大特点就是无序性和隐秘性,严重损害了问责制的严肃性和权威性,究其原因,主要是法制的缺位。《关于实行党政领导干部问责的暂行规定》的出台,在一定程度上弥补了之前的不足,但仍然不够健全和完善,应构建问责官员复出的科学机制:一是对问责官员进行分类管理;二是健全问责官员的跟踪、考评机制;三是完善公开、公正的官员复出程序;四是建立违规复出责任追究机制。     

浅析公民言论自由与官员名誉权之关系

政府官员的名誉权和公民的言论自由权之间存在冲突。美国和德国处理相关问题的经验对我国有借鉴意义。我国应在给予公民言论自由更多空间的导向下进行相关实体法的制度建构。     

乡镇干部应坚持依法行政

依法治国对行政机关的基本要求是依法行政。目前乡镇工作中还存在不少违法行政现象。应通过转变观念,提高乡镇干部的整体素质和法律意识,把依法行政和德治相结合,严肃查处行政违法案件,确保乡镇干部能够依法行政。     

中国古代司法官吏选任制度的嬗变

中国古代虽然不存在真正意义上的法律职业群体,但司法官吏广泛的存在却是历史事实。由于中国古代司法从属于行政的基调,司法官吏的选任并没有独自适用的制度,而是和行政官吏适用同一的选任制度,这种制度可称之为官吏选任的普通制度或程序。但是,历朝历代的统治者,在首先遵循官吏选任普通程序的前提下,对司法官吏的选任又做出了一些专门规定。     

Navigating class power and inequalities: new deal liberals and the Los Angeles regional labor board, 1933-1934

ABSTRACT

This article examines how local state officials operated the Los Angeles Regional Labor Board, 1933-1934, a regional branch of the National Labor Board. Amid a surge in workers mobilizing strikes and organizing unions, which faced fierce business opposition in LA, one of the period’s most anti-union cities, local state officials discarded initial solutions to industrial conflict – solutions based on state paternalism and involved parties’ voluntary compliance – and proposed more robust state interventionist tools. Such efforts were to enhance state authority and power and forge greater class equality by accepting worker rights and limiting business prerogatives, while the officials also obsessively encouraged the economic ‘wheels be kept turning and the pulse quickened.’ Drawing on regional-based archives, we trace local officials navigating and shaping social relations, and investigate the unpredictable, everyday workings of local responses to national-level policy-making. Earlier scholarship on the period highlights the role of leaders, like FDR or Senator Wagner, or business elites crafting seemingly pro-working-class policy, alongside the accounts of structural political economy. We emphasize local state agencies tasked with policy implementation becoming sites of contention for class actors and state officials, reflecting more general patterns but also initiating institutional procedures with enduring implications for US capital-labor relations.

Abbreviations: LA: Los Angeles; NLB: National Labor Board; RLB: Regional Labor Board; NLRB: National Labor Relations Board; AFL: American Federation of Labor; LACC: Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce; M&M: Merchant and Manufacturers Association; NRA: National Recovery Administration     

中国农村治理模式的演变与重建

当前,村民自治治理模式虽然被普遍推广,但转型期中国农村呈现出的高分化低整合特点,给农村治理带来了许多问题。因此,要实现农村社会的善治,必须重新整合政府体制内和体制外的权威,构建农村治理的全面基础。     

东南亚教育官员在华汉语研修教学设计

东南亚教育官员因其职业特殊性,在东南亚国家华文教育事业中的地位举足轻重。作为汉语学习者,他们具有不同于一般学习者的学习特征。本文通过发现他们的学习者特征,以建构主义学习理论为指导进行教学设计,在10期教学实践的基础上对教学实施过程和教学方法进行分析,并测评教学效果,完成既定教学目标。