环境可持续发展原则探析

可持续发展原则是基于环境资源有限性与人类需要无限性、人类发展普遍性与区域发展不平衡性、经济发展高速性与环境质量渐恶性、和谐社会终极目标与不和谐社会现状等矛盾而产生的,有其存在的哲学和伦理基础.环境可持续发展原则要求实现代际公平、代内公平、资源可持续利用以及环境与经济社会发展协调,具体可以通过环境规划制度、循环生产制度、环境税收制度、清洁生产制度和生态补偿制度予以贯彻落实.     

消费者的法律范畴研讨

我国现行立法没有明确“消费者”的法律概念,学术界对该概念探讨也未形成统一观点。消费目的、消费主体及消费方式一直是主要争论点,为司法人员准确判定消费者的法律范畴带来困惑。文章根据2013年修订的《消费者权益保护法》的立法宗旨,对消费者法律范畴的判定提出了客观的、可以衡量的三个核心要素,即消费客体具有商品的价值属性、消费客体被终结性消费、消费主体个人化,以利于及时、有效、合理地保护消费者的合法权益,维护市场经济秩序。     

Europol's Fledgling Counterterrorism Role

This article offers an analysis of Europol's counterterrorism role. Based on official EU documents, internal reports, and secondary sources, it dissects the contemporary counterterrorism activities of both Europol and the informal arrangements outside of the EU structure that are frequently utilized by some EU Member States. Although Europol does not perform any indispensable counterterrorism functions at the moment due to its limited powers and lack of trust from national agencies, the author contends that Europol has the potential to make a substantial contribution to the fight against terrorism.     

Democratising the military: Lessons from Mediterranean Europe

This article analyses the factors and processes involved in democratizing the armed forces of Spain, Greece and Portugal in the 1970s and 1980s. After a brief comparative review of the history of civil‐military relations in the three countries, the article examines the role of societal, institutional (military professional) and international factors in the democratisation process. The article concludes that military professionalism can be a stimulant to intervention and de‐intervention, depending on societal considerations and the perceptions of the military at a given time. Explanations accounting for military democratisation can be found at the level of value‐congruency between society (including the international arena) and the armed forces.     

‘Responsibilty’ as a strategy of governance: regulating people living with AIDS and lesbians and gay men in Ontario

This paper investigates responsibility/irresponsibility as an important regulatory strategy, in two instinct but interrelated social sites – people living with AIDS and HIV, and lesbians and gay men, especially within the Canadian province of Ontario. This responsibility/irresponsibility technique of governance is developing in response to the struggles of people with AIDS and community-based AIDS groups and lesbians and gay men and the alternative strategies of regulation articulated through these struggles. Practices of ‘resistance’ and activism alter the grounds of hegemonic regulation/governance and point towards new techniques of governance. I show how responsibilizing and normalizing strategies in the context of social struggles over AIDS and sexual regulation allows for those constructed as ‘responsible’ to be managed through forms of self-regulation and professional forms of goverance of their live. For those who continue to be constructed as ‘irresponsible’ forms of criminal law, policing and public health governance are called into action.     

Widows,children and assistance from society in urban Northern Europe 1890–1910

The increasing urbanisation and industrialisation of the late 19th century promoted migration of families and individuals into the growing towns. As a consequence the protective network of kinship and village was lost. In the process the access to household production was also severely decreased. After the death of a husband in a labourer's household the widow had to face a difficult situation. The aim of this paper is to assess the standard of living of poor widows in the Nordic countries. To estimate the proportion of intrafamilial contributions, the role of the wider kinship group and to calculate level of support from poor relief authorities and other possible sources.     

Patrilines,surnames, and family identity:

The Imperial decrees emancipating the serfs of the Russian Baltic provinces (1816–1820) included the requirement that serfs, who would now become free peasants and obtain legal standing, have both a first name and a surname, the latter of their own choosing. The article examines the process through which Baltic peasants obtained surnames and analyzes the choices they made. In the Pinkenhof estate, in the province of Livland, emancipated serfs most often chose surnames that reflected their place of residence, but also frequently chose names from the natural world, occupations, and other similar sources. The acquisition of surnames helped to consolidate family and lineage identity, which had been difficult in the pre-emancipation perion when individuals bore only a first name plus the name of the place in which they were currently residing, the latter changing as they moved.     

国际金融危机背景下俄罗斯低收入群体的生活水平

国际金融危机背景下,俄罗斯居民购买力下降,需求受到一定程度的抑制。低收入群体的生活水平低下,他们中多数人饮食质量变差、生活耐用品占有相对缺乏、基本的医疗救助不足、社会心理沉重。其生活水平是可被民众接受的最低标准。加强社会保障和就业安置并加大对社会低收入阶层等弱势群体的扶助力度,不断完善社会福利与救济制度,是俄政府当前面临的最大任务之一,同时也给我们一定的借鉴和启发。     

法律心智:返回法律的生活世界——一种现象学的视角

科学的思维方法为研究法律提供了有效的路径,但是作为科学研究对象的法律却逐渐远离了对于人之生活的意义关照。虽然现象学语境下所构建的法律心智表现为一种理想模型,但最后实现的效果实质在于通过重塑立法者和裁判者的个人理解而将遮蔽的生活世界揭示出来,并推向公共性,这将是现象学独有的洞察。现象学视角下的法律心智研究将引领我们返回法律的生活世界,这不仅将促使我们重新审视理性的担当和责任,而且将释放法律的本真性,更重要的则是重塑公民的个人理解。