城市空巢老年女性生存质量的影响因素与治理策略——基于“五普”和“六普”数据的比较研究

基于中国第五次和第六次人口普查数据,以积极老龄观为理论框架研究了影响城市空巢老年人生存质量的影响因素。通过数据比较发现,城市老年女性生存质量的下降并不必然是空巢的居住安排,其影响因素反而更多的是:女性平均预期寿命的延长而带来的健康风险的增大;老年女性间接参与社会生产(照看第三代和照料高龄患病老人)并未获得相应的劳动报酬;职业生涯的不连贯使得老年妇女的保障能力处于弱势地位。因此,要提升城市空巢老年女性的生存质量,理应从理念、政策、增权三个方面加以治理。     

公安类院校大学生学习动力的校本研究—以南京森林警察学院为例

基于对某公安类院校大学生学习动力的个案调查研究,发现当前该校大学生学习动力状况存在显著特点,主要表现为"隐形逃课"情况普遍、课外投入不足以及年级差异化明显.数据分析指出,影响学生学习动力的因素或者说学习的需求是按照先保障生存、再获取荣誉和归属、最终实现自我价值的顺序按需求层次逐级递升的.研究认为,要想使当前公安类院校大学生激发并保持学习动力,需要加强师生互动、提升学科专业学习,注重有效的考核评价,同时督促学生培养自律意识.     

一起非医学需要鉴定胎儿性别及终止妊娠手术案引发的思考

笔者通过对一起非医学需要鉴定胎儿性别及终止妊娠手术案件的评析,提出在卫生行政处罚案件的处理过程中涉及到多个行政执法部门、多部法律竞合的问题并阐述了自己的看法,旨在探讨通过部门联动、无缝隙的行刑对接,对各种形式的非法行医行为进行严厉的打击,维护法律的尊严。     

Mathematical Models for Teenager’s Living Age Evaluation Based on CT Image of Medial Clavicular Epiphysis

Objective To explore the correlation between volume rendering(VR) statistics of medial clavicular epiphysis and living age,and establish the mathematical models for living age evaluation using the CT image of medial clavicular epiphysis based on the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle.Methods The CT images of the medial clavicles from 795 teenagers aged 15-25,387 males and 408 females,were collected in East and South China.VR 3D images were reconstructed from 0.60 mm-thick slice CT images.The epiphyseal diameter,sternal end diameter,and their respective diameter ratio(the left: x 1;the right: x 3);epiphyseal area,sternal end area,and their respective area ratio(the left: x 2;the right: x 4),were measured and calculated.All these observations were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software.The statistical differences in gender and age were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.The mathematical models were established using least square.Sixty trained subjects,30 males and 30 females,were tested to verify the accuracy of the established mathematical models.Results In the group of same age,x 1 showed significant difference in gender;the same results were observed in x 2,x 3,and x 4,which suggested that the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle were highly correlated with living age.The accuracy of these mathematical models were all above 67.6%(±1.0 year) and 78.5%(±1.5 year).Conclusion The mathematical models with reasonable accuracy could be manageable in practice to confirm the conclusion of the atlas method.The current study can contribute to the single skeletal age evaluation.     

949例活体损伤临床法医学鉴定统计分析

通过对949例伤检案例按性别、年龄、年份、月份、致伤物和损伤部位等进行统计分析,对949例活体损伤程度进行综合评定,我们发现,活体损伤中,男性占绝大多数,青壮年居多,七、八月损伤检案率最高,二月和十二月损伤检案率最低。损伤程度以轻伤多见,致伤工具以钝器最多,损伤部位以头颅面部和四肢最多。     

Sexual offenders with serious mental illness: prevention, risk, and clinical concerns

Individuals with serious and persistent mental illness who have also engaged in illegal sexual behavior present a unique challenge for our legal and clinical systems. Frequently, these individuals may engage in problematic sexual behaviors which result in hospitalization rather than incarceration, and an overburdened and resource-deficient public community mental health system is ill-equipped to address the seriousness of these sexual behaviors. We have a rather limited understanding of how prevention programs, intervention strategies, and risk assessment would work with this population. Here we evaluate data from a sample of 245 inpatient psychiatric sexual offenders in a forensic mental health setting and compare these with what information has already been presented in some of the literature. Through an examination of seriously mentally ill sexual offenders and their clinical presentation, legal history, and risk management concerns, we illustrate a variety of tertiary prevention needs. Future directions in the area of prevention and risk management for seriously mentally ill sexual offenders are also discussed.     

经济发达城市低收入中青年妇女群体的生活状况及其需求分析——以中山市为调研个案

加大对弱势群体的帮扶力度,让他们共享经济社会发展成果,是建设和谐社会的重要方面。基于对中山市低收入中青年妇女生活状况的调查,全面了解掌握其生活现状、遇到的困难及其需求,进而有针对性地加强对其帮扶力度,尤其是注重从源头上帮扶,重点解决其技能、就业问题,加强“健康扶贫”,是提升低收入中青年妇女生活质量的关键所在。     

社会创新过程及其面临的局限

识别社会需求、解决社会问题是社会创新过程中的一个重要环节,同时也是社会创新过程面临的陷阱和局限所在。结合社区发展规划的案例以及社会需求和问题表现特征的分析发现,在需求和问题分析过程中,问题标准的不恰当性、问题主体参与不足、忽视需求和问题原因表现出的二重性、参与主体的缺失等会导致社会需求识别出现偏差,同时这些偏差将进一步影响社会创新的低效,以及易使社会创新方案局限在项目的操作层次。     

英国外警培训工作的特点及启示

英国外警培训工作在培训模式、课程设置、培训管理、师资来源、质量保障体系建设等方面特色鲜明,是影响国际警察培训发展的一支重要力量。结合我国外警培训工作发展现状,应该在培训理念、授课方式、课程内容、师资队伍、后勤服务等方面加大改革力度,以实现我国外警培训工作由规模数量型向规模质量型转变。     

Management Strategies When Working with Female Prisoners

Abstract

Scholars and practitioners have noted the potential for using understanding and language about the unique needs of women offenders to justify special controls over them in the prison setting. Using data from a national study of innovative management and programming strategies among correctional administrators, the present research examines management approaches needed for women, with a focus on the degree to which some administrators use stereotypes and/or perceived needs of women offenders in their rationale for choosing particular management strategies. Approximately 80 percent of the respondents reported that there is a need to use different management techniques for male and female prisoners. About half of these respondents noted that these differing management techniques are related to interpersonal skills and communication followed by programming needs and differences in general needs.