地方政府提升本地区对海外高层次人才吸引力研究———基于服务质量差距模型

通过调查海外高层次人才并对调查数据进行因子分析,发现创、业环境和政府诚信度凶子、城市实力因子、生活环境因子和城市了解度因子是影响海外高层次人才选择回国工作地点的四个最主要因素。为了缩小公共服务质量感知差距以提升本地区对海外高层次人才的吸引力,地方政府要了解海外高层次人才对公共服务质量的期望,选择正确的公共服务设计并制定科学的公共服务质量标准,按照公共服务质量标准提供服务,保证地方政府公共服务传递与承诺相一致。     

Leadership in Local Government: ‘No Girls Allowed’

This article explores the under‐representation of women at the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) levels of Western Australian (WA) local government. It draws on data collected from 21 second tier senior women managers about their perceptions and experiences of leadership within the sector, as well as their aspirations for CEO appointment. By applying critical gender analysis to the data, gender and specifically masculinity emerges as a significant and valued leadership attribute. While this analysis is not unique to local government, what sets the sector apart is its apparent disinterest in examining the reasons for, or the impacts of this continued leadership stereotype when at the same time Australian public and private institutions are challenging these traditional leadership models. This article points to fundamental weaknesses in the formal power structures and processes of local government that support deeply embedded biases about leadership. Perhaps the most significant contributor to these outcomes that emerged from the study is the apparent unencumbered power of Mayors and elected members over all aspects of CEO employment, especially recruitment.     

高校馆藏资源服务地方文化建设管窥——以安徽科技学院图书馆为例

高校馆藏资源提供利用是建设地方文化的重要保障条件之一。高校图书馆在弘扬和促进地方文化建设方面要充分发挥丰富的馆藏资源优势并定位好服务角色。2006年起安徽科技学院图书馆主动对接地方文化建设,面向社会读者陆续开放其馆藏资源。总结安徽科技学院馆藏资源服务地方文化建设的经验如下:转变思想,树立服务社会的理念;利用馆藏资源主动对接地方文化发展的需要;面向社会开放馆藏资源;实现了高校馆藏资源与地方文化建设的良性循环与互动。     

The Geography of Governance in Africa: New Tools from Satellites,Surveys and Mapping Initiatives

Abstract

Research on decentralization in Africa and beyond has made clear that the quality of decentralized governance is highly variable across localities within countries. In light of that variation, this article has three goals: first, we critique existing academic research on the quality of governance in light of work on decentralized governance in Africa; second, we provide a conceptual map of how to theorize subnational variation in the quality of governance in settings characterized by considerable dependence on higher authorities for revenues; and third, we outline a series of data initiatives that offer the opportunity to study local and regional politics in new and exciting ways across the region. We conclude with great optimism about the prospects for innovative work on decentralized governance within countries across the region.     

从公司信用转变看中国政府职能转变

政府职能本就因不同的时代形势与战略任务而变动调整。改革开放的新时期下,社会主义市场经济体制的各项机能日臻完善,市场也将在资源配置中发挥决定性作用,因此,全能型的抑或主导型的、审批型的抑或直接管理型的政府职能模式显然与之背道而驰。上海自贸区公司注册资本登记制度的深刻变革,将促使公司从资本信用向资产信用的转变,而曾受制于"政府之手"的公司信用之转变又恰恰烙印了新时期下中国政府职能转变的时代内涵与市场取向趋势,即把该放的权力放到位,把该管的事务管好,简政放权,有所为有所不为,充分尊重市场的决定性作用,并发挥政府的积极效用。     

论政府应对突发事件防御体系中的能力建设

社会各种突发事件频繁发生,政府在处置这些事件中应处于主导地位,提高政府防御突发事件的能力具有很强的现实性。政府应对突发事件防御体系的能力包括突发事件的预防能力、控制能力和处置能力。建立突发事件防御体系,政府机关需要通过强化处突基础,健全保障能力;强化科学预测,健全预警能力;完善法规体系,健全应对能力;组织实训演练,提高实战能力。     

U.S. Government 2013 Budget Sequestration： Congress＇ Fix for the Federal Aviation Administration＇s Work Furlough

The United States 2013 budget sequestration dramatically reduced the operating budgets of most federal agencies, including that of the Federal Aviation Administration （FAA）. Facing a staggering budget reduction in the amount of S627 million from itsS16 billion annual budget, the FAA was forced to furlough most of its 47,000 employees, including its air traffic controllers. This case study utilizes Kingdon＇s Multiple Streams perspective to examine the implementation of the 2013 budget sequestration on the FAA and the resulting impact on the operations of the federal agency charged with ensuring the safe and efficient use of U.S. airspace. With work furloughs threatening its employees and the potential for significant air traffic delays, the United States Congress approved a bill which eliminated the threat of further work furloughs for FAA employees and the resulting flight delays. Analyzing these events within the context of the Multiple Streams perspective provides a unique opportunity for insights into democratic governance within the federal government.     

合作型信任:政府与第三部门合作关系的基础

进入21世纪后,随着社会事务的复杂化,政府与第三部门之间形成了密切的合作关系,通过相互合作来进行社会管理。合作是以信任为基础的,政府与第三部门合作也应以合作型信任为基础。合作型信任与契约型信任、习俗型信任相比更有利于政府与第三部门的合作。为此,通过建立公共承诺机制,构建平等的对话机制,完善制度体系以及培育相互信任的社会文化来构建合作型信任。     

财政分权、地方财政赤字与土地财政

基于地方财政赤字的视角,研究财政分权与地方政府土地财政策略的内在作用逻辑,通过理论分析发现:地方财政赤字激励了地方政府在利益觉醒后利用预算制度缺口,用"扭曲之手"来攫取预算外财政收益,进而驱动地方政府实施积极的土地财政策略来实现财政增收的政策目标。省际面板数据的实证结果进一步验证了财政分权、地方财政赤字对土地财政的正向驱动作用。土地财政的治理从深化分税制改革、改善地方财政收入结构、变革土地财政形成机制、完善行政绩效考核体制、加强预算监管等方面入手。     

地方立法的类型及其创新

地方立法是我国社会主义法律体系的重要组成部分,社会主义法律体系形成之后,对地方立法工作提出了进一步的要求,如何进一步发挥地方立法的功能成为我们需要解决的重要课题。地方立法包括两种类型:地方实施性立法和地方创制性立法。两种类型都各自发挥着不同的社会功能,但在实际运作过程中出现了功能弱化的现象。地方金融立法是地方实施性立法的一种类型,以地方金融立法为切入口,分析如何提高地方立法质量,发挥地方立法的功能。