地方立法立项机制的历史考察及其启示

地方立法立项机制就是指立法建议项目由有关主体提议产生,经享有立法规划(计划)编制权的主体在协调有关各方的基础上,结合本地实际情况博弈论证后,决定其是否列入地方立法规划(计划)的带有规律性的运行模式。它具有立项主体的特定性、立项过程的协调性、立项实施的指导性三个特征;其发展可以划分为五个发展阶段。地方立法立项机制今后还将长期存在,我们可以从十个方面进一步对其进行完善。     

我国地方立法的价值取向研究初探

笔者认为开展地方立法价值取向研究对于搞好我国地方立法工作意义重大。目前我国地方立法在价值取向上表现为 :法制统一的价值取向 ;分权式的价值取向 ;工具式的价值取向等 ,这种取向客观上存在一定程度的偏失。法治统一的价值取向 ;制度创新的价值取向 ;民主、程序、效益的价值取向应成为地方立法诸多价值取向中最本质的内容。     

Elder abuse and neglect cases reviewed by appellate courts

With increasing attention focused on abuse and neglect of the elderly in domestic and institutional settings, nearly every state has passed legislation to protect these vulnerable adults. While the legal system has become involved at the trial court level, the appellate courts have not yet been very active. Only ten reported cases in the United States during 1981–1993 were appealed to a higher court. This article documents these few cases and explores the reasons for their ultimate dispositions.     

评"西方列宁学"关于列宁政党学说的观点

在列宁的思想中,知识分子创造科学社会主义理论与无产阶级创造这种理论是统一的,在革命斗争过程中党同无产阶级的关系是一种密切的宣传与被宣传、鼓动与被鼓动的关系,而不是取代者与被取代者的关系。“西方列宁学”所谓列宁以“知识分子”取代无产阶级或者以“党”取代无产阶级的说法是对列宁新型无产阶级政党学说的歪曲。列宁十分注重处理好党中央与党的地方组织之间的关系,十分重视发挥党的地方组织的作用和党员的作用;作为党的领袖的列宁,一向尊重党的代表大会和中央全会的意见,执行党的决议。“西方列宁学”提出列宁以党中央取代党的地方组织和党员,以自己取代党中央,是完全站不住脚的。     

加强地方党委执政能力建设必须弘扬与时俱进的精神

地方党委在执政能力上存在着许多与形势和任务不相适应的问题,弘扬与时俱进的精神,加强地方党委的执政能力建设势在必行。在加强执政能力建设的过程中要体现时代性,把握规律性,富于创造性,要勇于创新。     

“文化霸权”话语的本土实践与反思

“文化霸权”成为1990年代以来人们谈论东西方文学与文化关系时所使用的关键词之一，开创了在中国文论语境下的“理论旅行”。它从思维模式的“二元对立”、话语领域的西方霸权、民族情结的强烈诉求与传统文化的回归和高扬等四个方面展开其话语实践。在其话语实践中，重新陷入了“文革话语”的历史圈套，遮蔽了我国文论发展的历史与现实以及所面临的问题，对西方进行想象化的本质处理与传统文化的异化塑形，彰显出本土权力的运作机制。我国文论应该在世界文论体系的观照下实现自身的现代化，为世界文论的发展做出特有的贡献，促进文论知识科学有序增长。     

Appellate and trial court caseload growth: A pooled time-series-cross-section analysis

This is an econometric study of factors behind filing growth since 1970 in state trial courts and, especially, appellate courts. The model posits two categories of variables: those affecting the supply of disputes and those affecting the costbenefit considerations of potential litigants. The study uses a pooled time-seriescross-section design and a fixed-effects regression procedure. The overall conclusion is that factors determining the supply of disputes overwhelm other factors entered in the model. At the trial level, economic conditions 2 years earlier strongly affect civil filings, and crime rates for the current and prior year have moderate impacts on criminal filings. The output capacity of trial courts, measured by the number of judges, has a strong impact on appeals. Economic conditions and trial court filings influence civil appeals in later years, and prison commitments influence criminal appeals. The great majority of cost-benefit factors, such as simplification of appellate procedure and interest-rate differentials, showed little or no impact on appeals.In view of the rising emphasis on replicability (Dewaldet al., 1986; Campbell, 1986; Cook and Zarkin, 1986), we stress that the data for this research are available from the Inter-Univarsity consortium for Political and Social Research, and we will provide copies of the computer printouts giving the programs (that apply SAS) and the results. In addition, Court Studies periodically updates the data set, and it will supply current data upon request.     

做好税费改革与农村基层组织建设

农村税费改革给农村基层组织建设带来新的机遇和挑战.农村基层组织要抓住这一新机遇,从实际出发,创新体制,采取切实措施,努力做好农村基层组织建设工作,进而推动农村各项事业的顺利、健康发展.     

中国地方政府创新的类型学:基于"控制-嵌入-规范"框架的分析

府际结构、政社关系与行政文化是理解地方政府创新的关键变量,并构成了地方政府创新的"控制-嵌入-规范"框架。基于此框架,区分了三种典型的地方政府创新模式:中央主导型创新、地方回应型创新和地方自发型创新,并对三种地方政府创新的特征、优势及局限等进行了对比。创新类型的差异实则是地方政府创新核心机制和关键变量的区别。分析表明,控制、嵌入和规范机制对地方政府创新的内在逻辑有较强的解释力。而该类型学划分在理论上部分回应了当前有关中国地方治理模式的讨论,在经验上为进一步通过地方政府创新推动地方治理现代化提供了参考。     

Insecure peace: understanding citizen and local government relations in a Maoist-affected region in India

This paper examines emerging citizen and local government relations in a village in the Junglemahal region of the state of West Bengal, once a major bastion of the Maoist insurgency in India. Since 2014, Junglemahal has not experienced a single Maoist-related incident. This has been widely attributed to the West Bengal government’s “model” handling of the insurgency, which rests on the rapid mobilization of public services through the non-elected arms of local governments, bypassing elected officials. How have Junglemahal’s residents experienced this particular form of post-conflict governance? Drawing on the culture-centered approach that ethnographically observes the processes of identifying development problems and developing community-grounded solutions to these problems, our findings indicate that the hyper-developmental state was paradoxically experienced by our respondents as a very distant entity. A recurrent theme in our interviews is the absence of a locally embedded party leadership that could be approached regarding issues of distributive justice. We argue that this desire for party mediation in public service delivery is an expression of a powerful social norm that has survived the conflict and ought to be integrated into post-conflict governance structures if the current peace is to endure.