地方性法规设定行政处罚的空间

从地方治理的现实需要出发,无论地方创制性立法设定“其他行政处罚”,还是地方执行性立法补充、增设违法行为与行政处罚,皆有其必要性与合理性。行政处罚法第12条第3款,赋予了地方执行性立法以行政处罚补充设定权,为确保地方立法机关合理行使该项权力,有必要对其适用空间加以厘定。为避免行政处罚过.多过繁,地方立法机关补充设定行政处罚时,应当遵循“非必要不设定”的原则,并综合考虑义务内容的确定性、合理性和可履行性,以及违法行为的可认定性等多项因素。地方性法规补充设定的行政处罚,只能限于上位法规定的行政处罚种类,且不能突破_上位法规定的处罚幅度。     

论我国地方治理体系中的执政党权力实现方式创新

改革开放以来,随着经济市场化、政治民主化及社会多元化的不断深入,我国地方治理体系也已经初步形成。以市场化、法治化、民主化与权力多元化为特征的地方治理,在形塑地方治理环境的同时,也极大地冲击了执政党的传统权力实现方式。这种冲击具体表现为民众政治认同感弱化、权威决策系统运行受制、政府治理能力与策略短缺等多种形式。通过对执政党介入地方宪政结构、党政结构、司法结构、层级结构与网络结构的实然方式和实际作用的深入分析,我们可以发现,政府部门必须以理念创新达成治理共识为起点,以结构创新理顺治理权力关系为基点,以职能创新确定治理格局为支点,以机制创新提升治理动力为着力点,全方位推进地方治理体系中执政党权力实现方式的创新,才能应对好当前的治理冲击和挑战。     

全面深化改革中的地方团校建设探讨

改革开放中地方团校获得了跨越式发展,团校办学领域和培训范围逐步拓展,作为教育事业单位的性质和职能得到更充分体现,内部管理制度和办学机制等方面的改革不断深化.在全面深化改革中,团校发展面临着创新特色,实现团干部教育培训机制与全面深化改革中的共青团工作实践紧密结合;扬长补短,不断增强转制到学历教育后的发展实力;齐头并进,加强团干部教育培训与学历教育的整合等一系列课题.需要通过围绕全面深化改革中党的中心和青年工作的发展,不断巩固团干部教育培训的基础性地位;积极参与国家急需人才的培养,不断提高学历教育水平;坚持与时俱进,改善和营造发展的有利环境等等路径来解决,开创新的局面.     

Rush-hour traffic: self-presentation of defendants in speedy traffic court cases

Much work examines self-presentation styles; however, little work explores how people present themselves in traffic court. Utilizing observatory research, we aim to better understand differences in physical presentation and demeanor in traffic court. Further, judges that work in traffic court were interviewed to see how they understood the importance of presentation of self. Data indicate that most of those who appear in traffic court aim to present themselves professionally and behave with respect while in court. This appears to be a wise decision because judges tended to think that presentation of self was an important variable in their courtroom and how they evaluated cases. Still, differences in presentation of self appeared in the courtroom especially with regard to dress – extremely casual to orange jumpsuits. Finally, we argue that while modern defendants aim to present professionally the overall ‘professional’ presentation of self, even in the courtroom, is casual dress.     

Comfortably inhabiting reality: justifying and denouncing arguments in a development dispute in the post-industrial gentrified inner-city

This article seeks to understand the ‘critical capacities’ of actors involved in public disputes by focussing on one such case in Melbourne, Australia. The dispute centred on a non-government school's proposal to develop classrooms in a heritage listed building on public land sublet from a charitable foundation. Following local council's rejection of the original proposal, the school successfully appealed to the Victorian Planning Minister. After introducing a critical pragmatic analytic framework, five accounts of the dispute given by key actors are examined, uncovering similarities in the arguments used by each. Then, in the same accounts, analysis identifies differences in how the pro- and anti-development groups justified their own and denounced their opponents' positions. Both groups recognised formal rules as the best means for preserving equal citizens' access to public space, yet the pro-development group justified their argument by reference to local community benefit, in contrast with the anti-development group, who adopted an abstract argument concerning the privatisation of public space. Understood as mobilising different ‘models of justice’, the groups are regarded as appealing to a ‘real’ order, an implicit politicised hierarchy that situates winners in relation to losers. In effect, the pro-development group justified its position by representing it as congruent with, rather than disrupting, the real order encompassing the situation. In conclusion, the paper discusses the usefulness of the critical pragmatic analytic framework for understanding governmental power relations and assemblages, as actors demonstrate their critical capacities in contexts where erstwhile formal equality obscures the presence of hierarchical order.     

Creating other options: negotiating the meanings of citizenships

In this article, I explore the ways in which citizenship is reinvented and reinterpreted through local understandings and experiences. I show how Israeli citizens who had applied for another citizenship create a distinction between their Israeli citizenship, which they conceptualize in terms of identity and belonging, and their ‘European passport’, which they depict as a technical non-obliging document, thus neutralizing the challenge it poses on questions of national loyalty. However, the other sought after citizenship, which represents a legally binding attachment to a nation-state, paradoxically becomes a powerful symbol of freedom, embodying other life possibilities and allowing for an active negotiation of belonging.     

法学教育在文化中的反思

法律的根本在于理解。如何实现理解,怎样才算理解,这是法律追求“流动”过程的中心,反之会成为法律“凝滞”的动因。隐藏在法律理论与法律实践中的是政治社会和经验生活的不断重现,法律的内蕴应从地方化的语境中去理解,法律文化的核心在于地域社会人们的法律直觉和法律意识,法律教育不能桎梏于孤岛漂流,应在文化的海洋中找寻生命源泉。     

社会基本养老保险关系转移中的政府博弈行为研究

在现实经济活动中,地方政府与中央政府的利益诉求是不一致的,甚至是相互冲突的。当中央政府与地方政府双方都力图实现自身利益最大化的诉求时,双方无疑会产生利益博弈。从交易费用理论视角来看,我国现行基本养老保险制度存在的依人群设计和地区分割、画地为牢问题之所以会存在,其根源在于中央政府与地方政府间存在非均衡博弈,由此导致交易中处于最弱势地位的劳动者养老保险权益受损。     

地方政府公共服务能力建设探究

目前,我国经济建设快速发展,已进入全面建设小康社会新的历史阶段。但公共事业的发展严重滞后于经济发展,影响了经济社会的可持续发展和广大人民群众生活水平的提高。因此,在以社会管理、公共服务为主要职能的前提下,提升地方政府的公共服务能力对地方经济和社会的发展意义重大。     

行政层级与政策执行失效

导致政策执行失效的原因很多,但探究政策执行失效的前提是必须清楚政策执行失效主要发生在哪些政府中。本文认为,不同的行政层级在政策执行中体现不同的特征,政策执行失效并非发生在所有层级的政府中,而是主要集中在省级以下政府。