大鼠溺死后肺组织与血清IL-1β、IL-13mRNA表达变化

目的检测大鼠肺组织和血清中IL-1β、1L-13mRNA表达变化,探讨IL-1β、IL-13mRNA的变化情况与溺死的关系。方法 12只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、溺死组(实验组)。分别提取各组大鼠右侧肺下叶及右心室血清,应用TaqMan探针法检测肺组织及右心室血清IL-1β、IL-13mRNA的表达情况。结果 (1)溺死组大鼠肉眼观察:体表征象及解剖所见符合生前溺死特征。(2)肺组织中IL-1β、IL-13mRNA表达检测:与对照组比较,实验组IL-1β、IL-13表达呈下降趋势,差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。(3)血清中IL-1β、IL-13mRNA表达检测:与对照组比较,实验组IL-1β表达显著升高(p0.01)、IL-13表达显著升高(p0.01)。结论 (1)IL-1β、IL-13 mRNA在溺死组肺组织中表达呈下降趋势,可能是大鼠溺死出现代偿性抗炎反应综合症导致免疫无能的表现。(2)IL-1β、IL-13 mRNA在血清中表达明显升高,可能与溺水应激及溺死后急性肺损伤创伤应激有关。     

云南汉族NR3C1基因多态性与暴力攻击行为相关性

目的为了探讨云南汉族人群糖皮质激素受体基因(NR3C1)多态性与攻击行为的相关性。方法应用改良多重高温连接酶反应(improve multiplex ligasedetection reaction,iMLDR)技术检测194例云南汉族有攻击行为的监狱服刑人员和301例健康对照样本的NR3C1基因SNPs(rs6190、rs6191、rs6198、rs41423247、rs56149945)基因型,采用SPSS19.0软件、PHASE2.1平台进行统计学分析。结果 rs6191和rs41423247单个基因座的等位基因分布在非攻击组与攻击组、抢劫亚组和故意伤害亚组中均无显著性差异;rs41423247的基因型在非攻击组与抢劫亚组中的分布有显著性差异(p=0.048);构建的4种单倍型分布在非攻击组与攻击组、抢劫亚组和故意伤害亚组中均无显著性差异。结论云南汉族人群NR3C1基因的rs41423247基因座的单基因座多态性可能与指向他人的躯体攻击行为相关,rs6191基因座的单基因座多态性可能与暴力攻击行为无关。     

(Kein) Optionsrecht zugunsten gemeinnütziger Sportvereine bei Vermietung

R?umen die Mitgliedstaaten ihren Steuerpflichtigen das in Artikel 13 Teil C der Sechsten Richtlinie 77/388/EWG vorgesehene Recht ein, für eine Besteuerung zu optieren, so k?nnen sie nach der Art der Ums?tze oder nach Gruppen von Steuerpflichtigen unterscheiden, sofern sie die Ziele und die allgemeinen Grunds?tze der Sechsten Richtlinie, insbesondere den Grundsatz der steuerlichen Neutralit?t und das Erfordernis einer korrekten, einfachen und einheitlichen Anwendung der vorgesehenen Befreiungen beachten. Es ist Sache des nationalen Gerichts, festzustellen, ob eine nationale Rechtsvorschrift, die die Ums?tze gemeinnütziger Sportvereine generell von der Steuer befreit und dabei das Recht dieser Sportvereine beschr?nkt, für eine Besteuerung der Vermietungs- und Verpachtungsums?tze zu optieren, das den Mitgliedstaaten einger?umte Ermessen unter Berücksichtigung insbesondere des Grundsatzes der steuerlichen Neutralit?t und des Erfordernisses einer korrekten, einfachen und einheitlichen Anwendung der vorgesehenen Steuerbefreiungen überschreitet.     

Abwehr von Eingriffen in das Mietrecht – zulässige Verfahrensart

Bei der Abgrenzung des streitigen vom au?erstreitigen Rechtsweg k?nnen nur konkrete bindende Absprachen über die in den §§ 8 und 9 MRG angeführten Rechte und Pflichten die Zul?ssigkeit des Rechtsweges ausl?sen. Enth?lt der Mietvertrag keine über das Gesetz hinausgehenden Regelungen, ist der Anspruch im au?erstreitigen Verfahren durchzusetzen. Zwar ist eine Behandlung der Klage als Antrag im Verfahren au?er Streitsachen nicht m?glich, wenn eine Gemeindeschlichtungsstelle besteht und daher vor der Anrufung der Gemeinde das au?erstreitige Verfahren vor Gericht unzul?ssig ist. Wies aber die Gemeindeschlichtungsstelle den entsprechenden Antrag ab und erhob die Partei binnen 4 Wochen Klage, ist die Umdeutung zul?ssig.     

Governmental Mismanagement and Symbolic Violence: Discourses on Corruption in the Yucatán of the 1990s1

Abstract — Departing from a conceptualisation of corruption as a form of symbolic violence, this article analyses the character and impact of the discourses about corruption which were produced in Yucatán in the beginning of the 1990s. The discourses produced by official and oppositional forces are scrutinised against the background of the federal government's neoliberal policies and the sociopolitical situation in the region during 1992 and 1993. The analysis gives some insights into the character of Mexican's and Yucatecan's experiences with corruption in their own setting. It explores some of the conflictual processes involved when social forces turn this form of symbolic violence into the object of moral critique in public discourses, drawing in this way also attention to how the state is imagined by those who exercise state power and those who are subject to it.     

Genetics and genomics of core short tandem repeat loci used in human identity testing

Over the past decade, the human identity testing community has settled on a set of core short tandem repeat (STR) loci that are widely used for DNA typing applications. A variety of commercial kits enable robust amplification of these core STR loci. A brief history is presented regarding the selection of core autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR markers. The physical location of each STR locus in the human genome is delineated and allele ranges and variants observed in human populations are summarized as are mutation rates observed from parentage testing. Internet resources for additional information on core STR loci are reviewed. Additional topics are also discussed, including potential linkage of STR loci to genetic disease-causing genes, probabilistic predictions of sample ethnicity, and desirable characteristics for additional STR loci that may be added in the future to the current core loci. These core STR loci, which form the basis for DNA databases worldwide, will continue to play an important role in forensic science for many years to come.     

Immunohistochemical staining as a potential method for the identification of vaginal epithelial cells in forensic casework

There is currently no accurate method to identify vaginal epithelial cells uniquely. This study aimed to use a cell extraction procedure compatible with routine forensic sampling methods, and to investigate the expression of cytokeratin (CK), estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in order to distinguish between skin, buccal, vaginal, and external penile epithelial cells. Seminal fluid samples were also examined. Epithelial cell samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in agarose, and processed using histological methods. Antigen-antibody reactions were detected using the DAKO Envision+ detection system. CK was present in all cells from all five sources confirming the origin of cells as epithelial. Both ERalpha and PDE5 positively labeled vaginal, buccal, and skin epithelial cells. Although an antigen unique to vaginal epithelial cells was not identified, we have described a cell extraction procedure for use in the immunohistochemical detection of a wide range of antigens, an approach compatible with forensic diagnostics.     

Genetic analysis of 15 STR loci of Chinese Ewenki ethnic population

POPULATION: Almost all the Ewenki are found in HulunBuir Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia province of China. Some Ewenki are nomads; others are farmers or farmer-hunters. A small number of them are hunters. Its national characters and languages belong to the Altai phylum.     

Optimization of DNA extraction from low-yield and degraded samples using the BioRobot EZ1 and BioRobot M48

Robotic extraction of DNA from dilutions of blood and semen using either the BioRobots EZ1 or BioRobots M48 consistently produced lower recoveries than standard organic extractions of the same samples. In an effort to increase the efficiency of robotically extracted DNA, glycogen and carrier RNA were added following cell lysis. The addition of glycogen, postlysis, resulted in no improvement in DNA recovery with the BioRobot EZ1. However, when carrier RNA was added to the cell lysate of limited and degraded samples extracted on the EZ1 or the M48, DNA recoveries dramatically increased four- to 20-fold. DNA yields obtained by robotic extraction in the presence of carrier RNA were as high, or higher, as those obtained by organic extraction lacking carrier RNA, while experiments that utilized carrier RNA in both types of extractions showed increased sensitivity for both methods. Furthermore, carrier RNA substantially increased the recovery of fragmented DNA with the EZ1.     

Genetic analysis of six STR polymorphisms in a southern Chinese population

POPULATION: A total of 105 unrelated and healthy individuals from the Han ethnic group of Nanning city in south China.