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211.
212.
介绍了利用数字图象处理技术剪贴伪造文件、变造签名、彩色打印伪造原始印文和签名等三种伪造文件的方法及其特点.数字图象处理技术能够克服许多传统伪造方法的"缺点",使伪造的文件达到较高的逼真度.讨论了数字图象处理技术的滥用引发的新问题. 相似文献
213.
The capability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging to provide detailed images of unprocessed latent fingerprints while also preserving important trace evidence is demonstrated. Unprocessed fingerprints were developed on various porous and nonporous substrates. Data-processing methods used to extract the latent fingerprint ridge pattern from the background material included basic infrared spectroscopic band intensities, addition and subtraction of band intensity measurements, principal components analysis (PCA) and calculation of second derivative band intensities, as well as combinations of these various techniques. Additionally, trace evidence within the fingerprints was recovered and identified. 相似文献
214.
Pierre Duez M.A.Sc. Todd Weller M.S. Marcus Brubaker Ph.D. Richard E. Hockensmith B.S. II Ryan Lilien M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1069-1084
The transition from 2D imaging to 3D scanning in the discipline of firearms and toolmark analysis is likely to provide examiners an unprecedented view of microscopic surface topography. The digital examination of measured 3D surface topographies has been referred to as virtual microscopy (VM). The approach offers several potential advantages over traditional comparison microscopy. Like any new analytic method, VM must be validated prior to its use in a crime laboratory. This paper describes one of the first validation studies of virtual microscopy. Fifty‐six participants at fifteen laboratories used virtual microscopic tools to complete two proficiency‐style tests for cartridge case identification. All participating trained examiners correctly reported 100% of the identifications (known matches) while reporting no false positives. The VM tools also allowed examiners to annotate compared surfaces. These annotations provide insight into the types of marked utilized in comparative analysis. Overall, the results of the study demonstrate that trained examiners can successfully use virtual microscopy to conduct firearms toolmark examination and support the use of the technology in the crime laboratory. 相似文献
215.
Developing and Testing a Soil Property Database for Forensic Applications in Southern California 下载免费PDF全文
Patricia R. Menchaca M.S. Robert C. Graham Ph.D. Theodore Younglove M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(4):1043-1052
The research sought to develop and test a forensic database of surface soil variability within previously mapped geologic and soil units in southern California. This type of database could be used to link suspects to crime scenes or determine source locations of soil sample evidence. Variability was evaluated using (i) color, (ii) magnetic susceptibility, and (iii) particle‐size distribution. Soil properties were analyzed for their ability to discriminate source areas using stepwise discriminant analysis. The percent correct predictions for geologic unit groups ranged from 30% to 100%. A blind study experiment matched four of the 18 samples to their unit of origin with the first choice by stepwise discriminant analysis, and eight were matched as second and third choices. The probability of selecting the appropriate unit of origin increased by 54% over random chance and eliminated as much as 99% of the field area as a potential search location. 相似文献
216.
A Novel Method for the Photographic Recovery of Fingermark Impressions from Ammunition Cases Using Digital Imaging 下载免费PDF全文
Glenn Porter Ph.D. Robert Ebeyan B.Sc. Charles Crumlish B.A. Adrian Renshaw Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(2):418-421
The photographic preservation of fingermark impression evidence found on ammunition cases remains problematic due to the cylindrical shape of the deposition substrate preventing complete capture of the impression in a single image. A novel method was developed for the photographic recovery of fingermarks from curved surfaces using digital imaging. The process involves the digital construction of a complete impression image made from several different images captured from multiple camera perspectives. Fingermark impressions deposited onto 9‐mm and 0.22‐caliber brass cartridge cases and a plastic 12‐gauge shotgun shell were tested using various image parameters, including digital stitching method, number of images per 360° rotation of shell, image cropping, and overlap. The results suggest that this method may be successfully used to recover fingermark impression evidence from the surfaces of ammunition cases or other similar cylindrical surfaces. 相似文献
217.
Georgia Koukiou M.Sc. Vassilis Anastassopoulos Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(1):259-264
Temperature distribution on the eyes of drunk persons is studied by means of thermal infrared images. The sclera and the iris are of the same temperature for the sober person, while for the intoxicated person, the sclera temperature increases. Consequently, only the thermal images from the drunk persons are necessary for intoxication screening. Forty‐one participants drank in a controlled alcohol consumption procedure. Their breath alcohol concentration was above the threshold of 0.2 mg/L of exhaled air, which corresponds to about 0.5 mg of alcohol per cubic centimeter of blood. Histogram modification algorithms were employed to prove that for 36 among the 41 intoxicated persons, the sclera becomes hotter. The Student t‐test verified with over 99% confidence the drunk discrimination capabilities of the procedure. The forensic science potential contribution of the method is that face infrared imagery is available to the authorities for supporting intoxication in case of criminal actions. 相似文献
218.
目的 基于国医大师李业甫“治养并重”理论,观察推拿联合易筋经治疗神经根型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, CSR)的临床疗效。方法 前瞻性收集60例CSR患者,依据其是否愿意接受易筋经习练分别纳入治疗组和对照组,两组各30例。治疗组患者在院接受推拿联合易筋经治疗,出院后1个月继续习练易筋经;对照组在院接受推拿治疗,出院后1个月无任何干预。分别于治疗前、治疗后、出院1个月后观察两组患者颈部肌肉弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging, DTI)参数、疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index, NDI)量表评分,并于出院1个月后评定疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者DTI参数中患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion cofficient, ADC)值,VAS评分,NDI评分均明显降低,患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy, FA)值均明显升高,差... 相似文献
219.
本文主要回顾了当前主要的几种脑认知成像技术以及其在测谎中的尝试,介绍了这些成像技术的研究成果,并对这些测谎技术的应用性及所面临的问题等做出讨论。 相似文献
220.
Emily Sonnex Ph.D. Matthew J. Almond D.Phil. John W. Bond O.B.E. D.Phil. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(4):1100-1106
A method has been developed for the visualization of latent fingerprints on fabrics, which is based upon cyanoacrylate (superglue) fuming followed by imaging using an infrared microscope. Results show that imaging on smooth, shiny fabrics such as polyester, silk, nylon, and acetate of different colors and patterns can give an improvement over existing enhancement methods. Results for cotton and polycotton were less successful and it is thought this may be due a combination of the presence of the carbonyl functional group in these fabrics as well as their absorbency to fingerprint sweat. The carbonyl peak (1700 cm?1) provided the optimum spectroscopic feature to map and image a fingerprint. Comparisons between infrared mapping at a specific frequency range and principal component analysis showed that improved imaging was obtained with principal component analysis. 相似文献