关于女性在传统社会中地位的思考--以梅县客家妇女为例

关于中国女性在传统社会中的地位,传统的观点是:在以男性为核心男尊女卑传统社会中,妇女是不能登堂入室的。作者近来在粤东梅县进行民俗考察时,从民间收集到大量有关产权变更、书简或婚书等古文书,细读这批文书,审视女性的社会地位,可以看出,梅县妇女在传统宗族社会中具有不俗的尊长地位。其原因是多方面的,其中之一当与地方生态环境有关。     

论摩梭母系文化的变迁

受父系文化的长期浸染,摩梭母系文化系统开始向父系文化过渡,母系家庭、走访婚、摩梭男性地位等文化要素呈现出向父系文化发展的势头,但作为制约这些因素变迁的母系血缘观念依旧根深蒂固。当前摩梭母系文化变迁最恰当的理解应该是:母系文化正在艰苦地寻找能够回应父系文化冲击的新文化模式。     

Age and changing masculinities in gay–straight male workplace friendships

Abstract

Drawing on interview data gathered from 35 gay men in the UK, this article explores how age influences the negotiation of masculinity within gay–straight male workplace friendships. Study findings show that gay–straight workplace friendships between younger men appear to be framed in terms of equality, not homophobia. Older gay men also report similar experiences, some suggesting how these friendships were not possible in their youth. Gay and straight men of a similar age are also united in friendship by their experiences of ageing and its implications for carrying out work. Interview data also reveal how gay–straight male friendships are constrained at work, thus limiting the opportunities for emotional openness and physical tactility. Overall, the study reveals how younger and older gay men, and their straight male friends, variously align themselves to inclusive masculinities within friendship. This article contributes to inclusive masculinity theory by extending the types of contexts currently studied, both relational and work-related, and adding further emphasis to the contextually contingent nature of inclusive masculinities. It also advances the limited literature on gay–straight friendships by highlighting how they might challenge and reshape the heteronormative contours of work contexts.     

EA-YPredictor:基于Y-STR数据的家系特异性单倍群归属判别分析软件

目的Y染色体为男性所特有,其遗传标记蕴含着丰富的生物地理信息,故可溯源家系,在嫌疑人排查和追踪中发挥作用。Y-STR突变率较高,而Y-SNP突变率极低,几乎不会发生回复突变,所以后代男性群体携带祖先特有的Y-SNP。本研究期望通过现在我国Y库建设中通用的17个Y-STR的单倍型数据预测Y-SNP单倍群细支。方法基于前期观察,选取千人基因组计划III期中的513例东亚人群(中国及周边区域)作为基础数据集,在Java平台和Microsoft Excel软件框架下,以遗传距离计算和Y染色体进化树构建手段相联合研发Y-STR数据的家系特异性单倍群归属判别分析软件:EA-YPredictor。结果本研究揭示了15个单倍群大支下的核心单倍型。通过随机选取70个公开数据库样本,EA-YPredictor软件预测准确性达到92.8%(95%置信区间:[84.1%,97.6%])。结论在Y-SNP复合扩增检测尚无定论的情况下,本软件可基于二代测序样本对Y-STR数据库样本进行单倍群细支的准确预测,能适用于辅助家系单倍群判断。随着测序技术的不断换代和优化,更多高通量的Y-STR和Y-SNP数据补充将会使本软件进一步优化。此外,本软件对于Y数据库中Y-SNP遗传标记的筛查建库有一定指向作用。     

Sexual abuse by educators: a comparison between male and female teachers who sexually abuse students

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to identify the differences in case characteristics and typologies of female and male teachers who perpetrated sexual abuse on students. Decisions of sexual misconduct reports in England from June 2006 to December 2016 were used. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis was conducted on 20 cases of male and female teacher sexual misconduct (N?=?40). Regarding case characteristics, most were secondary school or college teachers, mid-career, with victims of the opposite sex. For differences, male teachers were older and more likely to have: perpetrated more severe and lengthier sexual abuse and previously received warnings. Interestingly, females and males were similar across the preliminary typology: minimisers and deniers; poor mental health or stressors; and young, early career. However, a fourth group of females emerged: “I was overpowered”. The study furthers the understanding of sexual misconduct by teachers and should assist in the development of policies, guidelines, and legislation around prevention.     

男性性权利的刑法保护

性权利作为公民人身权利其中的一种,应当受到法律的保护,无论是男女,都有性权利.但在我国,两性性权利的法律保护却存在一定差异.女性的性权利得到了可谓尽善尽美的关注和保护,但反观男性,刑法对男性的性权利的保护是不全面的,甚至出现了法律的真空,从而导致男性性权利无法得到刑法的有效保护.     

宗法宗族制度下明清时期的妇女婚姻生活

明清时期,宗法宗族制度对妇女婚姻生活的消极作用比较大,主要在婚前剥夺女子受教育权利;婚约的缔结主要从宗族利益考虑;婚后生活受到夫权、族权的严格控制;强迫妇女守节等方面有所表现.积极作用主要表现为提倡男婚女嫁轻钱财,重人品;反对索取重聘厚奁,嫌贫易富,操办奢靡,讲求排场等陋俗;严禁溺杀女婴.     

论高校文化冲突与精神文明建设

改革开放给我们的精神文明提出了新的课题,高校精神文明建设也面临着复杂的文化冲突,像公私问题、义利问题、中西问题、古今问题、内外问题、知行问题等等,但我们对这些问题一直认识、研究、解决不够.要建设高校科学的精神文明结构,我们就必须从目标论、方法论、实践论3个层次上把握文化冲突,并将这3个层次贯穿于精神文明建设的整个过程中,一层层地进行分析和构建,把握每一层次的规律,探寻科学的方法,解决冲突问题.     

女性体验与男权意识--云南当代文学文本中少数民族妇女形象的文化分析

乡村生活中的少数民族妇女是被双重边缘化的弱势群体,新时期云南文学关注这一群体,并塑造了林林总总的少数民族妇女形象.对于这些风格迥异的妇女形象,如果用通常的阶级分析法很难对其中的女性体验进行开启,也不易对其中的男权意识加以批判.因此,借鉴西方文艺理论中的阿尼玛原型理论,可以得出这样的结论文学作品中的女性体验来源于阿尼玛原型的聚合,而男权意识则是对阿尼玛原型的离析,两者都具有文化分析的意义.     

社会性别平等：男性参与的倍增效应与观念变革--以男性参与对中西部地区农村女性流动人口的影响为例

男性特别是已婚女性的丈夫及家人的参与和态度、当地政府的参与对女性走出农村流向城市最终实现真正的男女平等起着举足轻重的影响作用。数据表明，已婚女性参与流动的数量不仅低于男性，而且大大低于未婚女性，其中，男性的否定态度，会给女性外出打工带来负面的倍减效应，男性的积极参与，特别是政府的积极参与、组织和引导，给女性外出流动提供着正面的倍增效应。而男性的负面态度，主要源于文化的困惑特别是传统观念的影响，虽然随着社会的发展，中西部地区农村也发生了观念上的巨大变革，但传统观念的影响依然明显。对此，我们应该积极提倡先进性别文化的建立和良好社会氛围的营造。