Calling Attention to the Importance of Assisting Male Survivors of Sexual Victimization

ABSTRACT

Most of the research focusing on sexual victimization on college campuses has focused on females as victims. This attention is warranted given that studies have consistently found that females are at more risk of experiencing victimization compared to males. However, a drawback of this emphasis is that laypersons may incorrectly believe that men cannot be victims too. This belief is directly challenged by various findings that indicate college men are also sexually assaulted. In order to draw attention to this under researched topic, we used data from a recent climate survey conducted at a mid-sized rural institution of higher education. The results of this study indicated that males, in addition to females, experienced various types of sexual victimization in this setting.     

Nondestructive Methods for Recovery of Biological Material from Human Teeth for DNA Extraction

The extraction of DNA from human skeletal remains applied to forensic, and evolutionary studies do not exclude risks, which are to be evaluated when working with unique specimens that could be damaged or even destroyed. In the present study were evaluated several nondestructive methods for recovering DNA instead of the most currently used pulverization method. Three different procedures to access inside the dental pieces (occlusal perforation, cervical perforation, and cervical cut) have been compared with the aim of recovering as many cell remains as possible to carry out a DNA extraction. Given the DNA quantitation results, a method was proposed that consists of a cervical cut to facilitate the access to the pulp cavity and a subsequent filing of the root canals down to the apex of the dental root. This methodology allows the recovery of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, with the minimum deterioration for the dental pieces.     

Evaluation of a Visualization Assay for Blood on Forensic Evidence

In forensics, bloodstains on dark fabrics might be invisible for the naked eye. Although several visualization, presumptive, and confirmatory blood tests have been developed, all have one or more disadvantages, especially on DNA analysis. We report here the use of a visualization assay that can visually detect blood drops up to 1/20 dilution. In this assay, the fabric is placed between two wet filter papers and covered by glass surfaces on both sides. Pressure is applied on the glass surfaces in which bloodstains transfer onto the filter papers through capillary forces. Detected stains can be tested with other more sensitive presumptive blood tests performed on the filter paper. Even more, DNA analysis can be performed on the transferred bloodstains. The presented visualization assay is easy to perform, extremely cheap, requires little hands on time, and does not affect bloodstain pattern analysis.     

An Accelerated Analytical Process for the Development of STR Profiles for Casework Samples

Significant efforts are being devoted to the development of methods enabling rapid generation of short tandem repeat (STR) profiles in order to reduce turnaround times for the delivery of human identification results from biological evidence. Some of the proposed solutions are still costly and low throughput. This study describes the optimization of an analytical process enabling the generation of complete STR profiles (single‐source or mixed profiles) for human identification in approximately 5 h. This accelerated process uses currently available reagents and standard laboratory equipment. It includes a 30‐min lysis step, a 27‐min DNA extraction using the Promega Maxwell^®16 System, DNA quantification in <1 h using the Qiagen Investigator^® Quantiplex HYres kit, fast amplification (<26 min) of the loci included in AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^®, and analysis of the profiles on the 3500‐series Genetic Analyzer. This combination of fast individual steps produces high‐quality profiling results and offers a cost‐effective alternative approach to rapid DNA analysis.     

明清时期男性关系网络主导下的女性择医

现有对中国古代女性医疗史的研究主要集中于女性作为救治者或妇科语境下对女性身体的认知,鲜有从社会医疗史的角度讨论女性作为被救治者所面对的诊疗生态。本文以明清时期女性择医问题作为研究对象,发现在中国古代空间和性别意识的交互影响下,明清时期的男性关系网络对于女性病患的择医行为起着主导性作用。通过对比不同阶层女性的求医渠道,可以发现不同社会地位的女性患者在求医问诊过程中对于男性关系网络的依赖程度大不相同,社会地位较低的女性病患对于这种关系网络的依赖性较弱。以此为延伸,本文对中上阶层女性病患在就诊过程中的缄默问题也做了进一步阐释。     

法医DNA分析的其他应用

综述了法医DNA的多种用途,如人死后根据体内DNA变化情况推断死后时间间隔,利用线粒体DNA4977bp的缺失以及端粒的长度推断年龄;利用昆虫mtDNA的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I进行昆虫种属鉴定,以帮助确定人的腐尸死亡时间;利用一些食血昆虫体内的人DNA帮助了解与案件的关系;利用DNA标记进行动物如犬、牛、马及猪等个体识别与亲子鉴定,解决因动物引起的纠纷,或者利用DNA分析嫌疑人周围的动物毛发、植物及土壤微生物等,确定嫌疑人与案件的关系。     

The collation of forensic DNA case data into a multi-dimensional intelligence database

The primary aim of any DNA Database is to link individuals to unsolved offenses and unsolved offenses to each other via DNA profiling. This aim has been successfully realised during the operation of the New Zealand (NZ) DNA Databank over the past five years. The DNA Intelligence Project (DIP), a collaborative project involving NZ forensic and law enforcement agencies, interrogated the forensic case data held on the NZ DNA databank and collated it into a functional intelligence database. This database has been used to identify significant trends which direct Police and forensic personnel towards the most appropriate use of DNA technology. Intelligence is being provided in areas such as the level of usage of DNA techniques in criminal investigation, the relative success of crime scene samples and the geographical distribution of crimes. The DIP has broadened the dimensions of the information offered through the NZ DNA Databank and has furthered the understanding and investigative capability of both Police and forensic scientists. The outcomes of this research fit soundly with the current policies of 'intelligence led policing', which are being adopted by Police jurisdictions locally and overseas.     

浅谈我国法庭科学DNA数据库的建设

国家法庭科学DNA数据库充分地显示了DNA的技术效力 ,具有极其广阔的应用前景。DNA数据库在实践中的应用 ,带来了巨大社会效益和经济效益 ,是公安工作现代化的需要 ,因此 ,在我国建立国家法庭科学DNA数据库具有重要性和紧迫性 ,同时也具有可行性 ,但需要法庭科学DNA实验室、法律界、政府、立法者之间的全面合作。     

从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中回收DNA片段直接PCR的简易方法

将聚丙烯酸胺凝胶中ＤＮＡ片段于ＰＣＲ缓冲液中电洗脱，加入ＰＣＲ反应试剂，直接扩增目的ＤＮＡ作进一步分析，ＤＮＡ片段回收效率为０．８９±０．０５，本方法简便、快速。