制止家庭暴力的有效武器——人身保护令

人身保护令在制止家庭暴力中发挥了重要作用,但存在适用范围和期限太窄,申请数量少,受理机关仅限于人民法院等缺陷。建议人民法院在导诉、立案、审理等环节为当事人提供相关知识,通过多种渠道宣传,赋予公安机关发出人身保护令的权利。     

也谈婚前按揭婚后取得房产证的住房及婚后增值部分之归属——兼评最高院《（婚姻法）司法解释（三）》（征求意见稿）第6条、gll条

婚前按揭婚后取得房产证的房屋及增值部分的归属是离婚争议的主要情形之一,也是理论界、实务界意见相差极大的现实问题。正确认识物权法与婚姻法的关系;坚守婚姻伦理和公平观念,在保护夫妻一方婚前个人财产所有权的同时,必须照顾无房一方的利益。     

Pore Sub‐Features Reproducibility in Direct Microscopic and Livescan Images—Their Reliability in Personal Identification

Abstract: Third level features have been reported to have equal discriminatory power as second level details in establishing personal identification. Pore area, as an extended set third level sub‐feature, has been studied by minimizing possible factors that could affect pore size. The reproducibility of pore surface area has been studied using direct microscopic and 500 ppi Livescan images. Direct microscopic pore area measurements indicated that the day on which the pore area was measured had a significant impact on the measured pore area. Pore area measurement was shown to be difficult to estimate in 500 ppi Livescan measurements owing to lack of resolution. It is not possible to reliably use pore area as an identifying feature in fingerprint examination.     

The Reliability of Visually Comparing Small Frontal Sinuses*

Abstract: Several studies have investigated frontal sinus comparison for personal identification. One study addressed the statistical reliability of correct identification using automated digital methods and resulted in a 96% accuracy rate. Missed matches with the digital methods generally involved small, less featured sinuses. This study investigates the hypothesis that human examiners may be able to more accurately identify correct matches than digital methods, even when the comparisons involve small frontal sinuses. Participants were provided two sets of 28 radiographs and were instructed to identify matching radiographs and list the radiographs that did not have a corresponding match. Overall, error rates were low, with correct associations identified at a rate of 0.983. No incorrect associations (“false positives”) were made. Correct association rates were highest among participants “experienced” examining radiographs. Results support previous assertions that frontal sinus radiographs are a reliable means of personal identification even when the frontal sinuses are small.     

侵犯个人信息犯罪立法的理性分析——兼论对该罪立法的反思与展望

犯罪圈的设定必须从犯罪的内在规定性和刑罚的特性两个层面予以考量:犯罪的内在规定性决定了犯罪化的实质标准是行为侵犯全体公民的基本人权;刑罚的特性决定了其适用范围必须综合考虑刑罚的"残缺不全"特征及其适用的可行性要求。根据个人信息的法律属性,侵犯公民个人信息就侵犯了公民的基本人权。由于其他制裁措施调控的失效,刑罚"迫不得已"地介入对公民个人信息的调整。从理性的深度进行反思,侵犯个人信息犯罪的立法具有合理性的一面,但在犯罪构成要件的规定上也有亟需澄清和完善之处。     

身份证明与个人信息保护——我国居民身份证法律规制问题研究

信息社会人们之间的交往需要权威的身份证明,由公权力介入推行的身份证明制度满足了这种需要,并在社会生活中广泛应用.但是只有通过法律规制明确公民个人信息自决权,并设定政府不侵犯和保护个人信息的责任,才能真正发挥身份证证明身份的权威作用.我国日前身份证法律规制的弊端在于政府没有履行必要的个人信息保护职责,公民的个人信息主体地位缺失,导致了政府滥用职权和个人权益受到损害.所以必须以保护个人信息为核心完善我国的居民身份证法律规制制度.     

新《保险法》适用环境下中国海上保险制度的完善

修改后的新《中华人民共和国保险法》于2009年10月1日开始生效。针对海运市场的特点和实际需要,就海上保险合同的定义所涉及的投保人与被保险人,海上保险合同的诺成性所涉及的保险费交纳与保单签发,海上保险合同的订立与生效,海上保险格式条款的适用规则,投保人的告知义务,保险人的说明义务等诸问题进行研究,并提出修改中国海上保险制度的若干建议。     

Evaluating Claims of Social Connection to International Conflict Casualties

Recent studies examining the political impact of individuals' connections to the victims of international violence find these ties have a powerful effect on people's attitudes and feelings. How reliable, however, are self-reported claims of ties to a conflict's casualties? Using data from 9/11 and the Iraq War, I examine these claims, analyzing: 1) their influence on both public assessments of foreign policy and voting behavior, 2) whether critical demographic and political factors predict the likelihood of individuals reporting a tie to a conflict casualty, 3) the predicted, aggregate likelihood of survey respondents having connections to conflict victims, and 4) the theoretical distinction between actual vs. perceived casualty connections. The results strongly support the use of casualty connection data for understanding individuals' responses to international violence, and encourage future applications of social network approaches to the study of war and politics.     

Opinion 1/15 of the Grand Chamber dated 26 July 2017 about the agreement on Passenger Name Record data between the EU and Canada

On 26 July 2017, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice rendered its seminal Opinion 1/15 about the agreement on Passenger Name Record data between the EU and Canada. The Grand Chamber considered that the decision of the Council about the conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the agreement between the EU and Canada about the transfer and processing of PNR data must be based jointly on Article 16(2) about the protection of personal data and Article 87(2)(a) about police co-operation among member states in criminal matters, but not on Article 82(1)(d) about judicial co-operation in criminal matters in the EU of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. The Grand Chamber also considered that the agreement is incompatible with Article 7 on the right to respect for private life, Article 8 on the right to the protection of personal data, Article 21 on non-discrimination and Article 52(1) on the principle of proportionality of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU since it does not preclude the transfer, use and retention of sensitive data. In addition to the requirement to exclude such data, the Grand Chamber listed seven requirements that the agreement must include, specify, limit or guarantee to be compatible with the Charter.The opinion of the Grand Chamber has far-reaching implications for the agreement on PNR data between the EU and Canada. It has also far-reaching implications for international agreements on PNR data between the EU and other third states. Last, it has far-reaching implications for Directive 681 of 27 April 2016 on PNR data.     

论以民法补充海商法的单位

一直以来,“以民法补充海商法”的原则成为国内学者和实务界解决海商法与民法之间的法律冲突、补充《中华人民共和国海商法》立法漏洞的惯用思维;然而,这一原则的模糊性导致对以民法补充海商法的单位是事项还是要素产生争议。从《中华人民共和国立法法》与《中华人民共和国海商法》具体条文出发,通过法律解释得出民法补充海商法的单位是事项而非要素的初步结论;进而结合海商法的外来性和海上责任的独立性进行理论分析,对以上初步结论进行进一步印证;在此基础上提出对海商法研究与《中华人民共和国海商法》修改的建议。