对海上格式条款立法规制的完善

大量存在的海上格式条款在促进海上交易、提高效率的同时,引起交易方权利义务不平衡等许多问题。《海商法》对海上格式条款的规制不够完善。通过对海上格式条款存在的必然性、立法规制缺陷等的分析,可以明晰完善海上格式条款立法规制的意义,提出完善立法规制的具体建议。     

社会性别视野下的妇女婚姻家庭人身权

运用社会性别理论审视我国婚姻家庭人身权的相关法律,发现存在看似对男女两性均公平正义的规定,实际上忽略了妇女在婚姻家庭中的人身权利,有必要在社会性别平等的理论框架下完善我国法律关于婚姻家庭人身权的条款,提出相应的建议,以期在婚姻家庭领域真正实现男女平等。     

Does multiple office-holding generate an electoral bonus? Evidence from Belgian national and local elections

Traditionally, scholars have assumed that multiple office-holding (i.e. the combination of a local and national directly elected political mandate) leads to an enhanced electoral performance. Although the prospect of electoral benefits for such a mandate combination seems plausible, it remains unclear whether accumulating a national and local mandate does indeed provide an additional boost compared to holding either one prior to the election. Previous studies have only offered limited support for this assumption. For instance, they have focused exclusively on French national elections. This article, however, scrutinises whether dual mandate-holding pays off individually, for the candidate, as well as collectively, for the list as a whole in both Belgian national and local elections. The results here strongly suggest that cumul des mandats does not yield an additional electoral reward compared to single office-holders, contradicting both theoretical presumptions and normative beliefs.     

LGBTQ “selves” in films from the Reel-Lives project as signifiers of political and social change,and of personal value

To accurately reflect the complexities of unusual sexual or gender identifications in non-stereotypical ways, film documentarians are challenged to represent people as both sexual/gender identities and as subjectivities engaged in personal experiences. This imperative is explored through a semiotic lens focused on films produced through the Reel Lives youth media training project, which aims to give voice to marginalised youth, and which presents their stories on the Reel Lives website through two consequent layers of signification that successfully represents LGBTQ people in complex ways. On the one hand, the search function reflects a typology of shared characteristics associated with identity categories that speaks to political change. On the other, the film grammar showcases shared circumstances within communities in ways that redirect focus from political change to a more durable and transformative socio-cultural change. The films in turn serve a third function: to reflect gender and sexual identification as a personal resource on which participants might subjectively call for the positive recognition and re-presentation of their value as individuals.     

The servant of two masters: Electoral incentives in the Scottish Parliament

Scholars have pointed out the potential impact of different electoral systems on the incentives for representatives to cultivate personal versus party reputations. The mixed-member proportional system (MMP) allows us to examine the effects of electoral systems on legislators’ incentives. Scholars have argued that MMP may be the ‘best of both worlds’; however, MMP may lead to competing demands on list representatives if they are also allowed to run as constituency candidates, as happens in the Scottish Parliament. I show that this leads to different levels of committee activity—which I use as a surrogate for party activity—from constituency Members of Scottish Parliament (MSPs), pure-list MSPs (who are elected via the party list and do not run in constituencies), and dual-candidate list MSPs (list MSPs who also run in constituencies), and that the proximity of elections also affects committee activity for those who run in constituencies.     

生育权基本问题的探讨及其法律保护

关于生育权基本问题的争议很大,学界对生育权的性质、权属主体和权能更是众说纷纭。生育权应是自然人主体享有的生育的人身自由权,是自然人人格要素之一,属人格权范畴。自然人享有平等的生育权,但男女生育权并非同等,它们在权能和内容上存在差异。男女生育权共同的权能有生育选择权、生育信息知情权等,无“生育隐私权”权能,且生育选择权受到限制,是相对的选择权。女性生育权较男性生育权具有更多的可选择内容和更大的知情权范围。此外,女性生育权还独有生育健康权权能。生育权的法律保护有待完善,最高院《关于适用〈婚姻法〉若干问题的解释（三）》（征求意见稿）第十条需加修改。     

个人信息保护法立法模式的选择——以德国经验为视角

个人信息保护法调整范围囊括公、私两个领域,那么应当以何种立法技术来处理两套规范在同一法典中的关系？总结德国个人信息保护法的优劣得失,基于对个人信息收集基本原则及其例外在公私领域不同的适用情况,可以看出,德国的区别对待模式更加符合不同领域内个人信息保护的具体要求。     

浅析案例教学在警察人才培养过程中的意义和作用

由于警察工作的特殊要求,使得其对警察教育提出了更高的要求,即不仅要求警察院校的学生具备扎实的专业理论知识,更强调其专业技能和综合素质的养成。案例教学作为一种知识传授与能力养成相结合的教学方法,其在现代警务人才培养中具有独特的作用和意义,因此,各警察院校应结合自身实际,有针对性地进行案例教学的研究、探索和实践,不断提高警...     

刑事强制措施体系及其完善

刑事强制措施可以分为以抓捕、截停、带到为目的的措施和以保证被告人出席审判为目的的措施两大类。为防止政府权力的滥用,西方国家从适当根据、令状主义、迅速带见法官等方面对羁押之前的抓捕、截停进行了规制;从羁押适用的法定理由、决定主体、上诉救济以及迅速审判等多个角度对审判前的羁押进行了规制。在我国,刑事强制措施也涵括了以拘留为中心、以留置盘问、公民扭送为补充的抓捕、截停、带到措施,以及以逮捕为术语标志的审前羁押措施和以取保候审、监视居住为形式的审前释放措施,并对这些措施设置了与西方大体相当而又略有差别的规制机制。尽管我国现行刑事强制措施体系较为完备,但仍需从拘留的临时化、逮捕羁押的司法化以及监视居住的自由化等方面进行完善。     

Study of poroscopy among South Indian population

Poroscopy is the term applied to a specialized study of pore structure found on papillary ridges of skin as a means of identification. It comes under level 3 detail of identification and hence is more reliable and accurate. The goal of this study is to estimate the importance of poroscopy for identification of individuals and to determine the gender based on frequency, type, and shape of pores. Left plain thumb prints of 200 individuals (100 men and 100 women) aged between 18 and 60 belonging to South Indian population were observed. The results have shown that women tend to have a significantly higher frequency of pores than men. Number of pores ≤ 8 pores/25 mm(2) is more likely to be of male origin and ≥9 pores/25 mm(2) is more likely to be of female origin. There was no significant sex difference based on type and shape of pores.