俄罗斯国家政权体制的改革及其特征

普京就任总统后,把加强中央集权制作为重要治国方针。此举,对加强中央权威,稳定社会秩序,抑制经济下滑,产生了巨大的促进作用。     

我国房屋租赁中的赔偿责任

现实生活中房屋租赁合同大量出现,由此产生的纠纷也越来越多,在租赁过程中货物被淹受损等纠纷和赔偿案件时有发生。这些问题的解决应从房屋租赁合同、转租合同、居间合同中各方当事人之间的权利义务关系中寻找出赔偿责任一方。     

经济法律责任独立性刍议

在经济法中 ,忽视经济法律责任的独立性 ,不利于正确实施经济法的职能 ,不利于经济法实现其保护社会公共利益的目标。本文通过对现有关于经济法律责任的观点的评析 ,探讨了建立独立的经济法律责任制度的意义 ,并在此基础上 ,提出建构独立的新型的经济法律责任制度的路径选择。     

论违反行政程序的法律责任

理论界一直对违反行政程序的法律责任众说纷纭,在实务操作上更是莫衷一是。违反行政程序需要承担法律责任,问题的关键是如何认定行政程序违法的标准,本文认为除了法定程序标准外,我国还应引进正当程序标准,此外,对行政机关违反其所作出的有关程序的承诺的行为,也应认定为违法。对违反行政程序的行政行为,法院应根据提起行政诉讼的原告主体身份的差异以及行政程序的重要性程度,作出不同的判决,如果行政行为因程序违法而被撤销,行政机关不得重新作出相同或相似行为,并且行政机关应当对其违反行政程序的行为承担相应的国家赔偿责任。     

我国保险资金的运用分析

近年来,我国保险业发展迅速,保险基金迅速累积,保险资金的运用问题日显重要。而目前我国保险资金运用效率低下,投资渠道狭窄,收益率偏低,面临的风险较大。因此,我国保险业必须不断改善保险资金的运用,选择合适的资产管理模式,运用资产负债管理,加强投资风险的防范以提高保险资金的收益率。     

Robotic prostheses as products enhancing the rights of people with disabilities. Reconsidering the structure of liability rules

The term ‘robot’ refers to a wide variety of devices, serving very different purposes. The case of robotic prostheses is considered here. After defining such devices, and briefly describing the technical peculiarities that characterize their functioning and distinguish them from traditional implants, their relevance with respect to the fundamental rights of people with disabilities is considered. Pursuant to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a claim is made that favouring the development of said applications may be required to subscribing states. In light of such considerations, the liability regime – namely that emerging from the Defective Product Directive – is analysed, in the attempt to determine – with a prospective analysis – the impact that said rules are likely to have on their development. The technology-chilling effect and the anticipated extremely complex evidentiary burden the user would have to face in order to obtain compensation lead us to conclude that legal reform is advisable. Some alternatives are considered, and in particular that of the development of a – partially – state-funded no-fault plan, intended to allow more ex ante certainty for producers and researchers (favouring the development of said devices), and prompt and adequate compensation to the victim in case an accident occurs.     

Global Astana: nation branding as a legitimization tool for authoritarian regimes

This paper examines how, in post-Soviet Kazakhstan, both channels of elite and banal nationalism (such as sports and higher education) serve as instruments to promote the country. Through these channels, Kazakhstan is portrayed as an open, dynamic and successful country, an image which is in serious disjuncture with the authoritarian nature of the regime. Taking advantage of massive oil revenues, the government organized a significant OSCE general conference in 2010, while chairing the institution. In addition, it created the Astana professional cycling team, which rapidly became a world leader in the sport. Last but not least, Nazarbayev University, attracting prominent Western scholars, is now designed to make the country compete in the international arena of academic rankings. Domestic and international performances are thus treated as instruments to promote the legitimacy of the state at national and global levels. But this would not be possible without the help of individual actors who actively participate in this process. A close investigation shows that their social capital is based on global connections in various spheres (sports, finance and academia). This paper draws on evidence gathered through qualitative methods of enquiry (participant observation and semi-structured interviews). Finally, Astana is treated as a Latourian actor-network that has its own life and agency, thanks to the global association of various human actors and material objects.     

The political value of languages

A theory of linguistic justice needs to take into account the three distinct values of language as a medium for communication, as a source of individual identity and as an instrument for political self-government. Doing so would undermine Van Parijs’ claim that political borders and peoples should be downgraded to a purely instrumental role for purposes of social justice. But it would widen the scope of egalitarian global justice by including a universal right of individuals to membership self-governing polities and it could provide more solid theoretical foundations for his defence of coercive territorial language regimes.     

Fragmented or cohesive transnational private regulation of sustainability standards? A comparative study

Literature on private regulation recognizes the proliferation of competing regulatory organizations and approaches in various industries. Studies analyzing why fragmentation arises so far focus on single‐case studies, the exploration of single variables, or variation in types of fragmentation. This article analyzes why in certain industries and for certain issues regulatory organizations proliferate, while in others a single regulatory organization emerges which covers the entire industry. Through a comparative case study of private regulation of sustainability standards in the forestry, clothing, IT‐electronics, and chemicals industries, we show how a combination of low industrial concentration, civil society involvement in governance, and stringent standards of a first‐moving regulator offer the strongest explanation for a fragmented private regulatory field, while high industrial concentration, business‐driven governance, and lenient standards of a first‐moving regulator lead to cohesive regulation.     

论网络服务提供者的版权侵权责任

网络版权侵权现象目前发生得非常普遍,针对这一问题,我国进行了相关的专门立法活动。但是,如何从根本上理清网络服务提供者的侵权责任,仍是一个非常值得研究的问题。笔者对网络服务提供者的概念和范围重新加以梳理,根据网络版权法律关系的要求,辩明了各种网络服务提供者的基本属性,明确了网络服务提供者的法律地位,并为实现网络版权侵权责任的明晰化,创见性地将网络服务提供者划分为网络技术服务提供者和网络作品传播者,分别阐述其应该各自承担的版权侵权责任。