论瑞恰兹的“平衡冲动说”

瑞恰兹是新批评的先驱。他在平衡冲动说的文学理论的基础上建构了他的美学原理,即将相互对抗的心理冲动进行平和和调和。衡量艺术作品是否成功的标准在于艺术家本人传达经验的共同性、准确性和真诚度。     

Climbing the Greasy Pole: Promotion in British Politics

This article addresses the subject of ministerial promotion and is based on memoirs and interviews. It seeks to discern the essential qualities which motivate political ambition; for example extremes of energy, confidence, optimism and family support. The talent pool for office is held to be worryingly shallow though allowing wider access, via the Lords, has not so far proved a huge success. Deciding upon appointments is also analysed as is the means politicians use to advertise their suitability for office. It concludes that, natural ability notwithstanding, luck and courage are often the chief attributes of success.     

Social networks and mass media as mobilizers and demobilizers: A study of turnout at a German local election

This paper explores the impact of informal communication in voters’ social networks and the formal communication of the mass media on individuals’ propensity to take part in elections. Analyzing survey data from a recent local election in Germany it shows how both forms of communication may not only mobilize, but also demobilize voters. On the whole, personal communication appears more influential than mass communication. The media’s effects are generally weaker than those of social networks. Moreover, they are mediated by attitudes, while social networks have strong direct effects. These originate mainly from information conveyed through personal contact with voters and abstainers in one’s immediate social environment. Social voting norms are only influential, if they originate from persons’ families and are in favor of electoral participation.     

论“互动设计”在环境媒体广告设计中的应用

如何让环境媒体广告与环境更加协调和统一成了一个值得思考的主题,在环境媒体广告的设计中引入互动设计这一理念成为解决上述问题的最佳途径。本文从环境媒体广告引出互动设计的理念,从消费者、社会广告环境、广告客户和设计者的角度论述互动设计对环境媒体设计实现人性化的意义。     

互联网对社会关系的影响：争议与方向

关于互联网对社会关系影响的研究正在成为学术热点。早期一些学者争论这种行为领域是否能够产生一种通常意义上的持续的人际关系；其次争论的是这种关系是“疏离”还是“延伸”了日常人际关系；以及对关于网络互动所支持的关系属性的研究。系列研究表明，网络互动可以产生具有高度信任、互惠和广泛支持性的人际关系。而这种关系并不必然“疏离”或“延伸”日常关系，其对后者的影响由多种因素综合决定。网络互动倾向于形成弱纽带，但不排斥强纽带的产生。进一步研究可以关注：借助于电脑网络形成的社会关系的动态发展过程、这些社会网络的属性和结构、对社会资本的生产与再生产的影响等等。     

马克思交往理论中的行为主体及其现实意蕴

马克思围绕人与自然的交往、人与人的交往，将交往中的行为主体——人作为考察焦点，提出不同交往阶段中的三大社会历史形态——人的依赖关系阶段、以物的依赖为基础的人的独立性阶段和自由个性阶段。“三形态”理论对各形态中行为主体的不同特点的类析，对我国现状有着重要的理论借鉴意义。     

Marketing ideas

There is a pressing need better to understand the relative merits of emerging ideas and their contexts of generation. However, it is important to point out that the enterprise is needlessly disadvantaged if we unthinkingly adopt certain implicit assumptions about the nature of ideas. This short paper aims to clarify the consequences of our reliance upon such assumptions. It sets out to do this by positing three broadly differing perspectives on the nature of ‘ideas’: 1) romantic, 2) modified romanticism and 3) constitutive. The relative merits of these perspectives are then considered through reflections on the practical experience of generating and communicating new ideas in social science research. The paper concludes that social scientists need to embrace a form of constitutive marketing of ideas.     

Moderating Factors in Adopting Local e-Government in Spain

This study analyses the factors that influence citizens' intention to use e-government activities offered by municipalities in Spain. For this purpose, we developed a straightforward user behaviour model that considers the components of the TAM and DOI models simultaneously, harnessing their synergies and factoring in the role of citizens' trust. We also examined the moderating role that population size can play in the model's behaviour. Among the results we obtained, it is important to note that user trust not only improved the model's fit, but also showed a significant effect on intention of use for all the population sizes that we analysed. The other significant relationship for all the samples linked ease of use to perceived usefulness. For the other relationships between variables, we observed the moderating role of size for the populations we considered.     

The impact of judge–defendant communication on mental health court outcomes

Previous research has shown that mental health courts have been successful in reducing the rates of recidivism among mentally ill offenders. However, none of these studies, to date, have examined exactly what aspects of the courts reduce these rates of recidivism and what makes them successful. The current study utilized a sample of 291 mentally ill criminal offenders participating in a mental health court to examine whether those participants who were addressed by and communicated with the judge had a reduction in recidivism rates and the severity of new charges in comparison to those who did not. The hypotheses regarding greater judge–defendant communication and recidivism were not supported. This suggests that communication in and of itself is not sufficient to reduce recidivism. Future research of a qualitative nature is essential to identify if the frequency, tone, and valence of the communication results in improved outcomes. In addition, these results may indicate a necessity for more stringent training and guidelines for the maintenance of Mental Health Courts. Results of the current study suggested differences between genders, such that females were spoken to by the judge more frequently than were men.