Talk like a man,walk like a woman: an advanced political communication framework for female politicians

One of the most significant developments of the past decade in the political arena has been the integration of women into senior political positions. Previously, there was a common assumption that female politicians wishing to succeed had to adopt the male communication model, both verbally and non-verbally. This study aims to examine the communication patterns of women in the political sphere. Twenty-four speeches by 12 female politicians in senior political positions from five democratic Western countries were analysed. All speeches were delivered in the respective countries’ legislatures, between 2009 and 2012. This study presents a theoretical framework that maps gender accountability structures of verbal and non-verbal communication patterns. The findings delineate an advanced communication model that indicates that female politicians’ communication consists of a combination of feminine non-verbal communication patterns and masculine verbal communicative expressions. The study expands the theoretical and analytical research on female politicians and develops a gender-communication approach to political communication.     

中国交通公安简史

本文全面介绍了中国专门公安机关之一——交通公安机关的历史、设置、管理体制和职权。     

抗日战争时期陕甘宁边区政府交际处的统战工作

抗战爆发后,建立抗日民族统一战线成为中国共产党的政治路线和基本策略。围绕这一策略和大局,陕甘宁边区政府交际处工作侧重点迅速发生转变,其职能定位迅速调整,工作人员思想观念艰难转变,他们创造性地开展统战工作,取得了显著成绩,为抗日战争的最后胜利做出了贡献     

精神病住院患者通信自由立法保护探析

众所周知,我国目前尚无统一的精神卫生法,精神病住院患者的权益时常受到忽视,甚至遭到他人侵犯。比如在通信方面,患者在医院往往不能依自己的意愿随时会见、联系他人。而能否自由地通信,无疑关系着每一位住院患者的切身利益。对精神病住院患者通信自由进行立法保护,尽快制定精神卫生法既是依法治国的基本要求,也是我国的现实需要。     

The new German Data Protection Act and its compatibility with the European Data Protection Directive

A substitution of the right to maintain mailing lists for marketing purposes (the so-called list privilege) by a strict opt-in requirement as proposed by the German Government for the amendment of the German Data Protection Act does not conform with European law. Making the use of relatively innocuous data like name and address for marketing purposes subject to the data subject's declaration of consent infringes upon the requirements of the European Data Protection Directive. The Directive allows for the use of personal data either on the basis of a data subject's declaration of consent or after a balancing of legally protected interests. Reducing this two-track model to a one-track model (based on the data subject's declaration of consent only) does not do justice to the idea of balancing of interests or free movement of goods and services which are a mandatory part of European law. The draft bill interferes drastically with the free movement of goods and services. A tightening of the opt-in requirements would be a severe burden for the German economy because it is impossible for businesses to distribute their goods and services without the help of marketing measures. The economic cycle would be hit at its weakest point, i.e. the link between businesses and consumers which is gaining more and more importance especially with a view to cross-border competition.     

中国高校新闻学与传播学学术发展三十年理论回顾与展望

文章是对中国高校新闻学与传播学学术发展30年所进行的理论思考,从基本经验、存在问题、未来展望三方面展开。基本经验有五条：中国改革开放基本国策的坚强支持,解放思想放大胆子走稳路子,打开国门礼贤海外学人,抓紧基础性研究兼顾应用性研究,切实改进研究方法。存在问题主要有三：对基本概念和范畴深入研究不够,学术自觉和理论胆略欠缺,标志性成果不多。对于未来的展望,首先要做好规划,其次要组织攻关研究,最后要为产出标志性成果创造条件。     

浅谈健全人与聋哑人的沟通

聋哑人是一个特殊的群体,与他们交往,不仅需要把握一般的人际交往的心理原则,还要了解他们独特的心理特点,学会使用手语,这样才能更好地与他们进行交流,让他们融入社会,感受到关怀与温暖。     

Russian data retention requirements: Obligation to store the content of communications

This paper presents an analysis of Russian data retention regulations. The most controversial point of the Russian data retention requirements is an obligation to keep the content of communications that is untypical for legislation of European and other countries. These regulations that oblige telecom operators and Internet communication services to store the content of communications should come into force on July 1, 2018.The article describes in detail the main components of the data retention mechanism: the triggers for its application, its scope, exemptions and barriers to its enforcement. Attention is paid to specific principles for implementation of content retention requirements based on the concepts of proportionality, reasonableness and effectiveness.Particular consideration is given to the comparative aspects of the Russian data retention legislation and those applying in different countries (mainly EU member states). The article focuses on the differences between the Russian and EU approaches to the question of how to strike a balance between public security interests and privacy. While the EU model of data retention is developing in the context of profound disputes on human rights protection, the Russian model is mostly concentrated on security interests and addresses mainly economic, technological aspects of its implementation.The paper stresses that a range of factors (legal, economic and technological) needs to be taken into account for developing an optimal data retention system. Human rights guarantees play the key role in legitimization of such intrusive measures as data retention. Great attention should be paid to the procedures, precise definitions, specification of entitled authorities and the grounds for access to data, providing legal immunities and privileges, etc. Only this extensive range of legal guarantees can balance intervention effect of state surveillance and justify data retention practices.     

Selection and Incentives in the Electoral Security‐Constituency Communication Relationship

The relative importance of selection and incentives is essential for understanding how elections structure politicians’ behavior. I investigate the relative magnitudes of these two effects in the context of US House members’ constituency communication. Consistent with previous research, I find that there is a negative cross‐sectional relationship between electoral security and the intensity of constituency communication. The negative relationship holds in a panel‐data setting where only within‐legislator variation in electoral security is used to identify the effect of electoral security on legislator behavior. Due to the likely presence of myopic voters, the impact of electoral security increases as the election approaches. Point estimates suggest that the total effect is almost entirely driven by incentives, and I am able to reject the hypothesis that the incentive effect is zero at conventional levels of statistical significance.     

Elite-public interaction on twitter: EU issue expansion in the campaign

Why do some issues receive more interest from the public, while others do not? This paper develops a theoretical and empirical approach that explains the degree to which issues expand from the elite to the public. We examine how candidates in the 2014 European Parliament elections talked about EU issues, in comparison to other political issues. We rely on data collected from Twitter and use a combination of human coding and machine learning to analyse what facilitates interactions from the public. We find that most political actors did not try to engage with the public about EU issues, and lack of engagement results in less interactions from the general public. Our findings contribute to understanding why EU issues still play a secondary role in European politics, but at the same time highlight what low-cost communicational tools might be useful to overcome this expansion deficit.