Independence and inter-dependence: Household formation patterns in eighteenth century Kythera,Greece

While earlier hypotheses concerning the household formation patterns of Greek populations were proved mistaken, further hypotheses have been proposed. Though the small number of existing studies prevents us from conclusively describing the household formation patterns in nineteenth century Greece, no studies exist referring to eighteenth century. This paper examines the household formation patterns on eighteenth century Kythera using nominal census and notarial sources. It demonstrates that Kythera did not belong either to the West or to the East, as these were described by Hajnal; neither did its household formation system conform to Laslett's Mediterranean tendency in quotation marks. The widespread prevalence of nuclear households in Kythera disguised the strong economic links between the paternal household and those of his sons. Thus, the residential independence, as demonstrated in the quantitative analysis of the census, contrasts the economic inter-dependence between the paternal and the son's households, as depicted in the qualitative notarial sources.     

Control and Ownership of Assets Within Rural Ethiopian Households

This article investigates how the control and devolution of productive assets are allocated among husband and wife. Theory predicts that bargaining power within marriage depends on the division of assets upon divorce and on control over assets during marriage. Using detailed household data from rural Ethiopia, we show that assets brought to marriage, ownership of assets, control within marriage, and disposition upon death or divorce are only partly related. Productive resources are controlled by the household head. Disposition upon death or divorce only loosely depends on individual ownership during marriage but control is associated with larger claims upon divorce. Assets brought into marriage have little impact on disposition upon death, but matter in case of divorce.     

Public Finance and Capital Investment: A National Perspective on Colonial Dahomey

How, when and to whom should a woman marry, what constitutes marriage and what rights has a woman to influence the selection of her spouse? These and other questions were subjects of intense contestation between young men and women and their parents, on one hand, and, on the other, between commoners and members of the traditional elite in the Western Igbo district of Igbuzo in Southern Nigeria during the early twentieth century. Disputes over marriage rites centred on the politics of isinmo or the shaving of a woman's head. Isinmo gave the “barber” exclusive and inalienable rights to the woman. Yet, in what amounted to reversal of tradition, women seeking to end or reduce parental and patriarchal control appropriated some the rituals of isinmo to contest its use and efficacy in the hands of its erstwhile beneficiaries.     

马来西亚的文化差异：华裔和马来女性的婚姻状况比较

在马来西亚,马来文化和华人文化在多元文化环境中并存。本文以比较的手法,从婚姻的角度探讨当地华人和马来人的文化差异。有关婚姻的讨论分为7个方面,即择偶条件、结婚意愿、适婚年龄、婚姻习俗、女性婚后的角色、离婚的可能性以及生育率。研究以文献参考、问卷调查和访问的方式进行。本研究发现华人文化和马来文化异中存同,但在婚姻方面,前者比后者更受现代化影响。     

假结婚、假离婚与错结婚的认定和处理

婚姻法只规定了四种法定无效情形和一种可撤销婚姻。对于假结婚、假离婚与错结婚争睛形如何认定和处理，没有法律规定，实践中往往适用民法总则无效民事效力行为的规定，将其认定为无效婚姻。这是错误的，婚姻有效与无效有其独立的评判规则，不能适用适用民法总则。因而，假结婚、假离婚与错结婚一般不能认定其行为无效。     

对“结婚禁止条件”条款的重新检视

现行婚姻法从优生学和伦理学的角度出发，规定了直系血亲及三代以内旁系血亲禁止结婚，其他则未见禁止。随着社会认识的逐渐进步，结合国外的研究成果对我国婚姻禁止条款重新检视，提出应增加：拟制直系血亲、三代以内不同辈的拟制旁系血亲禁止结婚；直系姻亲及三代以内不同辈的旁系姻亲禁止结婚；在禁止结婚条件中应明确对社会特殊群体婚姻权利的保护，使之符合婚姻家庭的本质及发展规律，从而推动中国婚姻制度的完善。     

徘徊在伦理与法律之间：婚内强奸犯罪化的思考

婚内强奸是一个全球性的社会问题。西方很多国家在女权运动的影响下，最终废除了丈夫婚内强奸的豁免权。我国刑法典没有明确规定婚内强奸是否构成强奸罪，由此导致了理论观点的激烈争论以及司法判决的大相径庭。目前在中国，有条件地承认婚内强奸的观点和判决具有合理性和可操作性，因为它不仅契合了婚姻本质、刑法理论和中国国情，而且保护了妇女的合法权利，体现了刑法的人文关怀，兼顾了社会的福祉。     

浅析我国的无效婚姻制度

无效婚姻与可撤销婚姻的界限不明,无效婚姻的范围过宽和可撤销婚姻的范围过窄,婚姻无效时对善意当事人保护的力度不够,是我国对无效婚姻立法的三大缺陷。兼顾制裁与救济,扩大撤销婚姻的范围,减少无效婚姻的种类,完善无效婚姻的法律后果和保护无效婚姻子女权益,进一步完善我国的无效婚姻制度。     

IRC § 71 MAY IMPOVERISH CHILDREN,ENDANGER EX‐WIVES,AND DISRUPT FEDERALISM1

The Internal Revenue Code provides that alimony will be deductible to the payor and taxable to the payee. Although this treatment may seem contrary to the payee's interest, compared to making the payments non‐deductible and nontaxable, it can increase the payee's after‐tax income. The payor's deduction will allow larger payments at no after‐tax cost increase; if the payee is in a lower tax bracket, then even after paying taxes the payee will have more resources. Because this favorable treatment of alimony does not apply to child support, children of divorce are poorer. Nor does the favorable treatment apply to lump‐sum payments, making this option less generous, even though many states have phased down the grant of alimony. Because the definition of alimony requires that it end with the payee's death—to protect the treatment provided for lump sums—the tax system is on the wrong side of the issue of violence against ex‐spouses (typically the ex‐wife). The article proposes extending to other similar payments the favorable tax treatment now provided for alimony.     

关于元代婚姻制度的独特性与进步性的若干思考

元代婚姻实行一夫一妻和一夫多妻并存,在婚姻成立的要件与缔结制度中,特别注重婚书的内容与形式的撰写;元代妇女婚姻不仅完全商品化,而且还对悔亲处罚的规定特别严厉。