沦"儿童最大利益优先原则"在中国的确立——兼论《婚姻法》等相关法律的不足及其完善

International documents like the Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) propose that in mediating on children issues, the best interests of the child should be the primary consideration. In China, the Constitution and the Law on the Protection of Minors have already set out the terms in principle for the protection of minors, however, it has not been defined in the Marriage Law (2001). In order to enforce the commitment of respecting and safeguarding human rights, the child’s best interest principle should be established in marriage and family law, along with amending related provisions. Chen Wei is a professor of law, and director of the Research Center for Foreign Family Law and Women Theories in the China Southwest University of Political Science and Law. She is in the teachings of civil law, family law, law of succession, the history of civil law and comparative family law for years. During 2003–2004, Prof. Chen, being a visiting scholar, studied foreign family laws in the Faculty of Law, Sydney University. In academic field, she has published over 50 research articles in China and abroad; and her monograph is Research on the Legislations of Marriage and Family Law of China (2000). Further, she has taken charge of editing over 10 books, for instance, A Comparative Study of Family Laws between the Mainland and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China (2002), A Comparative Study of Foreign Marriage and Family Law (2006) and A Comparative Study of Succession Laws among the Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China (2007).     

论我国的婚姻协议规制

我国现行法律对婚前协议和婚后协议的内容、生效的要件等基本问题均未规定,导致对此类案件司法判决的不统一。婚姻协议具有不同于一般合同的特殊性,应对其可约定的内容及生效要件作特别的规定。     

我国婚姻无效制度基本问题研究

新《婚姻法》首次明确规定了婚姻无效制度 ,这是婚姻立法上的一大进步 ,但其规定还不是很全面 ,也有一些值得探讨的问题。文章试就婚姻无效制度的法律意义、婚姻无效的构成、宣告婚姻无效的程序以及婚姻无效的法律后果等方面对我国的婚姻无效制度作了一个比较系统的研究 ,提出了自己的一些见解。     

完善我国现行夫妻财产制度之浅见

夫妻财产制度是我国《婚姻法》中的一个重要内容 ,现行的夫妻财产制度规定了法定财产制和约定财产制 ,法定财产制作为约定财产制的补充。但《婚姻法》对于夫妻财产制度的规定仍存在着不明确的缺陷 ,建议将夫妻婚后所得共同制作为夫妻法定财产制 ,明确夫妻个人财产的范围 ,进一步完善夫妻财产约定制。     

离婚立法原则辨析

世界离婚立法体例有目的主义、过错主义和破裂主义。破裂主义可分为主观破裂主义和客观破裂主义 ,破裂主义也可分为绝对破裂主义和相对破裂主义。我国婚姻法采用的是绝对破裂主义 ,而司法实践中却采用相对破裂主义。在坚持破裂主义的前提下 ,应坚持绝对破裂主义的立法原则 ,对处于“困苦”的另一方当事人给予经济救助。把个人力量和社会保障结合起来 ,是解决这个问题的根本出路。     

婚姻契约关系浅议

婚姻是每个人的事情。古往今来,关于婚姻的论说举不胜举,但有关婚姻契约的话题却有些少见,而具体阐述婚姻契约关系的文章几乎没有。众所周知,婚姻不仅是个人问题,而且是社会问题,因此有很多人把自己的婚姻完全寄托在社会法律制度的保障和救济上。笔者认为,在社会制定婚姻法律制度保障个人婚姻权利实现,维护社会稳定的同时,每个人更应该认清婚姻的本质,正视自己在婚姻中的权利义务,对自已的每一个行为有一个正确的判断,认真对待(或者经营)自己的婚姻。本文就是从社会契约(本文所指社会契约都仅指民商事领域)的角度来分析婚姻关系。笔者认为,婚姻关系是一种契约关系,这种契约既有作为契约的共性,又有其独特的个性;同时,婚姻关系也是一种心理契约关系,它于无形中制约着婚姻中的男女,这种制约导致了许多规避婚姻法律的社会现象,因此,笔者强调,婚姻契约关系应由封闭走向开放。     

《聊斋志异》女性形象时代特征探析

受明清之际进步思潮的影响,蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》在女性形象塑造方面出现了反映时代进步的积极因素,蒲松龄对女子个性、才情、品质诸多方面加以着重表现,体现了他在婚姻、爱情等问题上的进步思想。     

婚姻法修改及其完善

值此中华人民共和国民法典着手制定之际,本文拟考察2001年修正婚姻法的主要内容,评介其立法理由及成功之处,分析其存在的不足,并提出今后进一步补充、完善的建议。     

Working women in France,nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Where,when, and which women were in work at marriage?

We look at women's labour force participation for the whole of France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We study to what extent young women were working at the time of their marriage, in which occupations, and how differences in labour force participation might be explained. Using a sample of 53,451 marriage records from the TRA project, we identify regional and temporal differences in rates of female labour force participation and in types of work in France between 1860 and 1986.We observe rather stable levels of female labour force participation between 1860 and 1950 of about 60 per cent, but higher levels in the second half of the twentieth century. Over time, women started to work across virtually all occupational sectors. Regional differences declined over time but continued to exist in the late twentieth century. We formulate a set of hypotheses to explain which women worked, taking into account their resources, as well as their expectations, in a male-breadwinner-dominated society. The results of our hierarchical logistic analysis indicate that women with fewer parental resources were more likely to work.     

我国婚姻家庭救疗机制构建设想

幸福的婚姻家庭不是无拘无束的挥舞个性和自由的平台,现代青年在男女平等、经济独立和传统婚恋文化两种作用力下挣扎纠结。结婚率下降、离婚率升高,同居不婚人群越来越庞大。建立以法律制度为中心,学校教育、行政干预、舆论引导等各方面配合,多手段调控婚姻家庭系统的社会综合管理体系将会有助于建立更为和谐稳定的婚姻家庭。