Identification of gunshot residues in fabric targets using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique and ternary graphs

During criminal investigations involving firearms, the detection of gunshot residues (GSRs) is one of the most important evidences. In the present study, a new method to identify trace evidences of GSRs, deposited around the bullet entrance hole, in different types of fabrics used as targets, is described. The experiments were carried out using a 0.38-inch caliber revolver, and 9-mm and 0.40-inch caliber pistols. Testimonies of 2.25 cm(2) of the fabrics were cut around the bullet entrance and digested with 10% nitric acid. Antimony, barium, and lead were analyzed in the remaining solution using a sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The concentrations of the elements were detected at levels up to few microgram per square centimeter. The use of ternary graphics allowed us to identify specific patterns of distribution for blank samples and the clear distinction between the revolver and pistols used.     

The Identification of Chlorinated Acetones in Analyses of Aged Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP)

The organic peroxide explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is regularly encountered by law enforcement agents in various stages of its production, storage, or usage. In a previous study, it has been demonstrated that isolated, rigorously purified, TATP may degrade to form a series of chlorinated acetones when directly treated with excess concentrated hydrochloric acid. The current study extends this work to examine whether this phenomenon may be measured during the more feasible scenario of aging of rudimentarily purified TATP contaminated with trace reaction mixture. It was demonstrated that solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of aged TATP that was synthesized utilizing hydrochloric acid catalyst may identify the presence of the degradation products chloroacetone and 1,1-dichloroacetone. Upon aging of TATP synthesized utilizing either sulfuric or nitric acid catalyst, no acid specific degradation products could be identified. These findings may be exploited by forensic chemists in the analyses of TATP samples.     

Temporal analysis of the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine in wastewater to estimate community drug use*

Abstract: Indirect estimation methods of cocaine consumption may not reflect the real extent of cocaine use. Another approach is sewage epidemiology. This direct approach is based on analysis of a stable cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), in wastewater. Influent to the Lubbock (Texas) Water Reclamation Plant was sampled twice a week to assess weekly variations in estimates of cocaine consumption over a 5‐month period. BE was extracted from influent wastewater samples using solid phase extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations of BE were converted to cocaine equivalents; the estimated average daily consumption of cocaine during the study period was 1152 ± 147 g. Based on BE concentrations and sewage epidemiology, higher cocaine consumption was observed on weekends compared to weekdays (p < 0.0003). This method was effective in monitoring BE in wastewater and could be used to complement survey data in estimating cocaine use at a local level.     

宪法视阈下的农民群体性事件思考

农民群体性事件已经受到社会各界的普遍关注,对农民群体性事件的研究正在向着多领域、多角度方向展开和延伸。但农民群体性事件问题的本质仍是权利问题,因此,要研究该问题就必然要对它进行宪法上的界定,进而寻求农民群体性事件发生的宪法根源,最后从宪法高度找到应对农民群体性事件的"良方"。     

优化AMDIS软件建库自动筛选常见有机毒物

目的优化AMDIS软件,建立常见有机毒物的GC/MS自动筛选方法。方法建立信息型中文常见毒物的质谱库,优化分离条件并测定多种毒物的保留时间,优化检索条件并测定多种毒物的检测限。结果建立含2344种常见药毒物的中文质谱库;测定了162种药毒物的保留时间及检测限。结论优化的AMDIS自动筛选常见药毒物,快速、灵敏、可靠,完全满足可疑含毒检材中毒物排查的要求。     

非政府组织参与群体性事件治理初探

社会日益多元化的发展趋势决定了群体性事件的治理不能单单依靠政府,必须构建多元治理机制,而非政府组织则是其中一支不可或缺的重要力量。非政府组织有民间性、灵活性等特性,且实力不断增强,具备参与治理群体性事件的优势,但也面临自身能力欠缺、社会认同度和公信力不高等制约因素。为了使非政府组织更好地参与群体性事件治理,非政府组织自身应加强能力建设,提高事件处理能力;政府应创新管理模式,完善相关政策法规,为非政府组织参与群体性事件治理创造良好的外部环境。     

对我国民族地区群体性事件的规律性认识及对策建议

民族地区能否保持社会稳定直接影响着我国的政治安定与社会良性运行。在我国进入利益分化与博弈的时代背景下,结合民族地区特殊的历史、文化与地域因素,辨析民族地区群体性事件的性质,阐释其特点,解析其成因,并提出了预防与解决群体性事件的对策建议,以期实现社会治理成本的降低与民族地区的和谐发展。     

建立中医体质量管理模式的思路

体质量过高或过低均会带来健康危害,因此,维持标准体质量是健康管理领域关注的问题,体质量管理应运而生。但是,目前的体质量管理模式存在一些困惑：重视减肥,轻视增加体质量;重视结果,轻视过程;重视他人管理,轻视自我管理。中医药具有平衡调节、因人制宜的优势,在构建体质量管理模式时,应在目标人群的确定,体质量管理方案的制定,以及评估指标的确立和自我管理模式的选择方面,体现中医药特色。构建具有中医特色的体质量管理模式必将成为今后体质量管理的主要发展趋势。     

扰乱公共秩序的聚众犯罪探析

群体性事件频发引发的扰乱公共秩序的聚众犯罪近年呈上升趋势。文章对扰乱公共秩序的聚众犯罪产生原因进行了分析,提出了预防对策和刑法处罚原则。     

妥善处置群体性事件的几个要素

当前公安机关妥善处置群体性事件 ,应做到 :(一 )正确认识和处理党委、政府与公安机关在处置群体性事件中的地位、作用与相互之间的关系 ,走出“包”的误区 ;(二 )正确认识和处理两类不同性质矛盾的关系 ,走出“压”的误区 ;(三 )正确认识和处理严格执行“三个慎用”规定与依法处置的关系 ,走出“怕”的误区 ;(四 )正确认识和处理求快与求稳的关系 ,走出“急”的误区 ;(五 )正确认识和处理平时与“战时”的关系 ,走出“乱”的误区