排脓散汤剂和散剂中有效成分生物利用度的比较研究

目的 比较排脓散的汤剂与散剂中有效成分的药物代谢动力学参数,为排脓散的剂型选择提供依据.方法 以栀子苷为内标,采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血液中芍药苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和柚皮苷的含量,用乙酸乙酯法提取后,制备样品,然后使用Themo Scientific Syncronis C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)在35℃下进行色谱分离,以水和乙腈为流动相,流速0.3 mL/min,进行负离子模式的多反应监测,用于测定血浆中标准品和内标.结果 4种有效成分含量在0.2～500 ng/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,提取回收率、稳定性、精密度均良好且达到测定要求.大鼠经单次给药后,与汤剂比较,排脓散散剂可显著增加橙皮苷的生物利用度(P<0.05),而不能显著增加新橙皮苷、柚皮苷和芍药苷的生物利用度(P>0.05).结论 排脓散散剂的生物利用度可能更优于汤剂.     

Forensic Analysis of Explosives Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS)—Part 1: Instrument Validation of the DELTAplusXP IRMS for Bulk Nitrogen Isotope Ratio Measurements

Abstract: A significant amount of research has been conducted into the use of stable isotopes to assist in determining the origin of various materials. The research conducted in the forensic field shows the potential of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to provide a level of discrimination not achievable utilizing traditional forensic techniques. Despite the research there have been few, if any, publications addressing the validation and measurement uncertainty of the technique for forensic applications. This study, the first in a planned series, presents validation data for the measurement of bulk nitrogen isotope ratios in ammonium nitrate (AN) using the DELTA^plusXP (Thermo Finnigan) IRMS instrument equipped with a ConFlo III interface and FlashEA? 1112 elemental analyzer (EA). Appropriate laboratory standards, analytical methods and correction calculations were developed and evaluated. A validation protocol was developed in line with the guidelines provided by the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA). Performance characteristics including: accuracy, precision/repeatability, reproducibility/ruggedness, robustness, linear range, and measurement uncertainty were evaluated for the measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios in AN. AN (99.5%) and ammonium thiocyanate (99.99+%) were determined to be the most suitable laboratory standards and were calibrated against international standards (certified reference materials). All performance characteristics were within an acceptable range when potential uncertainties, including the manufacturer’s uncertainty of the technique and standards, were taken into account. The experiments described in this article could be used as a model for validation of other instruments for similar purposes. Later studies in this series will address the more general issue of demonstrating that the IRMS technique is scientifically sound and fit‐for‐purpose in the forensic explosives analysis field.     

Trace Element Analysis of Rough Diamond by LA‐ICP‐MS: A Case of Source Discrimination?*,†

Abstract: Current profiling of rough diamond source is performed using different physical and/or morphological techniques that require strong knowledge and experience in the field. More recently, chemical impurities have been used to discriminate diamond source and with the advance of laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) empirical profiling of rough diamonds is possible to some extent. In this study, we present a LA‐ICP‐MS methodology that we developed for analyzing ultra‐trace element impurities in rough diamond for origin determination (“profiling”). Diamonds from two sources were analyzed by LA‐ICP‐MS and were statistically classified by accepted methods. For the two diamond populations analyzed in this study, binomial logistic regression produced a better overall correct classification than linear discriminant analysis. The results suggest that an anticipated matrix match reference material would improve the robustness of our methodology for forensic applications.     

大鼠心肌傅里叶变换红外光谱变化与死亡时间的关系

目的应用傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infrared,FTIR)光谱技术分析大鼠死后心肌组织随死亡时间推移的化学降解过程,为死亡时间推断的研究提供新的途径与方法。方法大鼠断颈处死后置于(20±2)℃环境,在不同死亡时间点提取大鼠左心室心肌组织,并使用FTIR光谱仪测定不同化学基团的变化。结果随着死亡时间的推移,大鼠心肌组织FTIR光谱的主要吸收峰位没有明显变化,而其吸光度随着死亡时间增加呈现出增加、下降和稳定3种不同的变化方式,且不同峰的吸光度比显示了相似的时间变化趋势。结论心肌组织可以作为FTIR光谱技术分析死亡时间的适用检材。     

论聚众犯罪的转化犯问题

转化犯是我国刑法规定的一种犯罪形态。以聚众犯罪为视角,结合转化犯的基本原理具体分析聚众犯罪转化犯的特征,聚众犯罪的转化既包括罪与罪的转化,也包括违法行为向犯罪的转化;聚众“打砸枪”虽然不是独立的罪名,但却是多种犯罪的聚合体,其转化罪是法律拟制的犯罪。关于聚众犯罪的转化犯,其在定罪量刑中存在着不同于一般转化犯的诸多疑难问题,对聚众犯罪转化过程中一系列特殊问题的研究,将使转化犯的理论内容更加丰富和具体。     

对牢牢把握处置群体性事件主动权的思考

新形势下的群体性事件呈现参与人员的多元性、起因的多样性、规模的扩大性、发展过程的多样性、社会影响的广泛性特点,具有信息化、国际化、智能化、政治化等发展趋势,要求公安机关快速反应、依法处置,建立完善工作机制。     

Inventing terrorists: the nexus of intelligence and Islamophobia

The transatlantic Islamophobia industry, emboldened by US intelligence efforts to entrap Muslims, appears to have helped to increase permissible levels of Islamophobia across the US, as illustrated by the fiery anti-Muslim rhetoric during the 2016 presidential campaign. In this article, I first look at five key leaders of the Islamophobia industry who also claim to be “terrorism experts” and have links to US and Israeli intelligence. I then describe US law enforcement’s mass surveillance of Muslims and its invention of terrorists, including a map of the “successful terrorist prosecutions” claimed by the US Department of Justice, most of which were tried only as criminal cases. Finally, I explore in-depth the case against the Holy Land Foundation, a Muslim charity based in Texas that was run by Palestinian-Americans and targeted by both the state and the Islamophobia industry for its dubious links to “terrorism”, helping to legitimate the Bush W. Administration’s “War on Terror”. I argue that this nexus of intelligence and Islamophobia has empowered anti-Muslim voices that were formerly marginal.     

The Identification of a Steel Mold’s Marks on Fake Drug Bottles

Plastic bottles are commonly encountered in drug cases where they are used as packaging materials and produced with polymers. However, to the best of our knowledge, systematic studies on the evidential values of medicine bottles have not been carried out. Therefore, it is difficult practically to determine if it is possible to identify whether the plastic bottles are manufactured with the same steel mold by comparing the manufacturing marks on plastic bottles. This paper reports the successful attempt of the authors in establishing a definite relationship between three different medicine bottles with a steel mold recovered from suspects. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to characterize the chemical composition of submitted medicine bottles, and then some physical characteristics (viz., total length, length, and diameter of different parts) and the manufactured marks on these bottles were examined. The results showed that the linkage of the medicine bottles to a steel mold was successfully established using the similarities in physical characteristics and manufacturing marks. In the process, the FT-IR was only complementary in the identification process. The individual characteristics of plastic medicine bottles included the imperfections and striated impressions that were produced by the grinding patterns on the inner surface of a steel mold.