舆情控制化解群体性事件初探

2008年发生在贵州的翁安事件、云南的胶农事件,引起各级政府及民众的一片哗然,特别是给全国的公安机关敲响了警钟。随着我国进入社会转型期,加之全球经济危机的影响,各种社会矛盾日益凸现。一些地方政府片面追求经济效益,领导干部对群众的感情冷淡麻木,人民群众的利益诉求长期得不到解决,必然导致群体性事件发生。这不仅造成了严重的负面社会影响,而且还造成了巨大的经济财产损失。如何巧妙处置群体性事件,已成为对公安机关的严峻考验。笔者认为,可以在我国社会主义转型期建立舆情导控员制度,通过正确、合理引导群众舆论,来达到化解群体性事件发生的目的。     

Ultraviolet illumination as an adjunctive aid in dental inspection

Tooth-colored resin fillings have become increasingly popular as restorative materials. Their presence in the dentition presents a challenge to the clinician and the forensic odontologist, as detection of the fillings can be difficult both visually and radiographically. As they necessarily form part of the unique dentition of an individual, recognition of the resins is important for forensic identification. Alternative light sources have been used with success in various fields of forensic science. In recent years small LED flashlights emitting at specific wavelengths in the ultraviolet light (UV) range have been developed. Their low cost, small size, and ready availability makes their use practical in both forensic dental inspection and clinical settings. UV inspection is of interest because enamel, dentin and dental materials all have differing fluorescent properties when illuminated by UV light. It was one goal of this research to quantitatively assess the fluorescence properties of modern restorative resins in order to predict their behavior during inspection using UV illumination. The second goal was to demonstrate practical use of UV in dental inspection with examples of how different materials fluoresce. Quantitative measurements were obtained for optical emission wavelength and intensity for 15 modern resins using a spectrophotometer. Results indicated that resin brands fluoresce at different wavelengths and with varying intensities. Practical use and comparison of the flashlights revealed that the most useful excitation wavelengths for resin detection were in the UVA range (365 and 380 nm). Porcelain restorations and composite resin fillings exhibited different responses to these two wavelengths and thus use of both is recommended for forensic dental inspection.     

Desorption electrospray tandem MS (DESI-MSMS) analysis of methyl centralite and ethyl centralite as gunshot residues on skin and other surfaces

Abstract:  A direct and sensitive method for the detection of methyl centralite (MC) and ethyl centralite (EC) as gunshot residues (GSRs) has been developed. This method uses desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-tandem mass spectrometry and directly desorbs and detects analytes from surfaces without any sampling process. Typical transitions for MC and EC, m/z 241 to m/z 134 and m/z 269 to m/z 148, respectively, were used to improve the assay sensitivity. It has been shown that MC and EC can be detected on various surfaces, with detection limits of 5–70 pg/cm². Interferences, detection time after shooting and the number of times hands were washed after shooting were also evaluated. None of the materials interfered with the results and the detection window for organic GSRs was up to 12 h and hands could be washed at least six times. Further samples were analyzed to confirm the reliability of this method, and showed that it could discriminate shooters from nonshooters. This method should be of significance in forensic science, especially in analyzing GSRs, because of its simplicity, high throughput, and the direct detection of MC and EC on suspects' hands, clothes, and hair.     

An investigation into the spatial elemental distribution within a pane of glass by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Advances in the technology employed for the manufacture of glass have resulted in a final glass product with little variability in terms of its physical and optical properties. For example, the refractive index of Australian float glass tends to lie between 1.5189 and 1.5194. It has therefore become necessary to complement physical and optical methods for forensic glass comparison with instrumental elemental analyses. In a previous study, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry has been shown to offer potential for the analysis of glass particles as small as a few tens of microns across. In this study, the three-dimensional homogeneity of a sheet of float glass is described, and consequences for forensic elemental analysis of glass particles of such size are explored. Variation in Si, Ca, Mg, and Na levels immediately under the nonfloat surface was observed, with the variance accompanied by a decrease in refractive index.     

A case study on the application of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in determining the provenance of a rock used in an alleged nickel switching incident

The application of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in forensic science to establish the provenance of a range of questioned substances including soils, drugs, explosives, currency, ivory and rhino horn has been widely documented. The present study wishes to highlight the applicability of IRMS and specifically stable carbon IRMS in determining the provenance of a carbonate rock that was switched for nickel metal exported from South Africa to Israel. The technique employed effectively argued against a South African origin for the rock whilst simultaneously supporting an Israeli origin, enabling investigators to focus their attention accordingly. The study represents the first documented instance known to the authors where IRMS has been employed in the forensic geo-location of a rock.     

析政治传播视角下的早间电视新闻节目

随道我国政治文化的逐渐发展,对于政治传播学的研究已越来越广泛,政治传播也已成为了我党宣传大政治方针,获取民意的一项重要手段。政治传播是与大众传播相依相伴的,不论是电视、报纸、广播、网络还是新媒体,都是政治传播的有效渠道,这里,我们主要探讨一下早间电视新闻节目的政治传播功能。     

用傅立叶变换红外光谱法检验激光打印机墨粉

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对8个厂家的16种型号的激光打印机墨粉进行检测。研究结果表明,根据红外吸收光谱图中在特征频率范围内吸收的差异可以将这16种型号的墨粉分为五大类,根据指纹区吸收峰的差异可以对同一类别中的不同墨粉进行进一步的区分鉴别。该研究对激光打印机形成的文件检验具有现实意义。     

信息时代领导形象传播策略探析

信息时代凸显出领导形象传播策略的重要性,尤其是大众传播对领导形象传播的重要意义。大众传播是领导形象传播的主要方式,领导形象传播手段、范围、内容、速度具有多样化、网络化、综合性、瞬时性等特点。完善领导形象传播策略要求充分认识和发挥主流媒体的主体地位,改进领导形象传播内容和方法,注重运用网络资源,提高领导干部传媒素养和传媒形象。     

试论转型时期的大众传媒与公共政策

我国大众传媒在政策过程中担当着议题建构者、民意代言人、政策宣讲者及监督者的角色。但是不论是从参与政策过程的范围,还是从政策过程中发挥的作用来说,它都只是有限度的参与政策过程。随着我国社会转型的推进,处在行政隶属关系与市场利益机构双重利益结构制约之中的大众传媒,也面临着从高度政治化和组织化的传媒体制和传统向企业经营模式与理念的变迁,在技术、经济、社会和政治层面都发生了巨大的变化,客观上也促进了我国公共政策制定过程中的科学化与民主化水平。     

社会动员问题研究:以群防群治为视角

群防群治运行机制越来越不适应市场经济条件下安全防范的需求,必须在新的理论支撑下进行实践探索,以寻求新的组织形式和运行机制、管理模式,其创新的理论基石是社会动员理论,通过对主体、内容等创新,使群防群治重新焕发生机。