丹尼尔·贝尔对马克思的三重误读

基于所处时代哲学任务的需求,马克思恩格斯在阐述其理论时强调经济基础的作用,而鲜有对文化领域的观照。而马克思逝世后,科技理性所带来的巨大影响、国际工人运动的走向、资本主义和社会主义社会结构的发展以及现代性危机的涌现,似乎与马克思理论的阐述都有所不同。如此种种,引发了西方学者对于马克思文化观、社会发展理论的误读,以及对现代性问题实质的误判,出现了经济决定论、唯物史观过时论等论调。其中,丹尼尔·贝尔则是这种思潮的代表,他以“意识形态终结论”“资本主义文化矛盾”“后工业社会”等大观念为基础,构建了西方社会发展的理论体系,却无不映现其曲解、否定马克思主义,宣扬历史唯心主义观念论的错误。从马克思的社会发展理论、文化观和现代性问题三个层面对贝尔的误读进行梳理和回应,可澄明马克思主义理论的生命力和解释力。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法筛查鉴定203种毒品

目的建立203种毒品的液相色谱-串联质谱筛查鉴定方法。方法选用Accucore TM Phenyl/Hexyl苯基己基柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)为色谱柱,柱温50℃,以甲醇乙腈混合溶剂(体积比1:1,含0.1%甲酸和2 mmol/L甲酸铵)、水(含0.1%甲酸和2 mmol/L甲酸铵)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL/min。质谱采用电喷雾正离子模式(ESI+)进行离子化,使用多反应监测(MRM)模式采集数据,总分析时间14 min。结果该方法实现了203种毒品的筛查鉴定分析,各目标物的方法检出限均为10 ng/mL。结论建立的筛查鉴定方法具有快速、准确、灵敏等优点,能够满足禁毒工作的日常需要。     

以虚假诉讼规避海难赔偿执行的司法防控路径——以一起群体性海难赔偿申诉案件为例

部分海难案件赔偿执行难问题是由于赔偿主体通过制造虚假的民事诉讼转移财产造成的。此类案件发现虚假诉讼难、证据审查难、财产控制难、双方诉讼能力失衡,因而形成了认定以虚假诉讼规避海难赔偿执行案件的司法困境。建议通过完善立法,增加虚假诉讼的经济成本与刑事风险;严查证据,堵塞虚假诉讼立案的可乘之机;提前介入,通过财产保全措施控制可供执行的财产;关注弱势,积极开展司法救助。     

征地群体性事件应急管理探讨——以广州市S镇为例

征地过程中,由于征地补偿制度不健全、征收过程不规范、农民安置不合理等诸多因素,农民利益遭受侵害。而与此相伴产生的土地纠纷问题,已成为社会矛盾的一个焦点。本文以广州市H区S镇农村征地群体性事件应急管理作为研究对象,在问卷调查和深度访谈的基础上,分析了S镇征地群体性事件应急管理的现状及存在的问题,提出了改善S镇基层政府征地群体性事件应急管理的对策建议。     

边境民族地区构建和谐警民关系研究

边境民族地区警民关系具有涉外性特点,民族关系复杂;阻碍边境民族地区和谐警民关系建设的因素既有来自公安边防部队内部的,也有边境民族地区群众本身的,更有社会大环境的影响。据此,要融洽边境民族地区警民关系,边境民族地区公安边防部门应当加强能力培训,提高干警素质;强化服务意识,抓好形象工程;完善执法机制,保证工作绩效;加大宣传力度,争取群众理解;加强“处突”研究、做好应急准备。     

Characterization and dating of blue ballpoint pen inks using principal component analysis of UV-Vis absorption spectra, IR spectroscopy, and HPTLC

The ink of pens and ink extracted from lines on white photocopier paper of 10 blue ballpoint pens were subjected to ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR), and high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography (HPTLC). The R(f) values and color tones of the bands separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis used to classify the writing inks into three groups. The principal component analysis (PCA) investigates the pen responsible for a piece of writing, and how time affects spectroscopy of written ink. PCA can differentiate between pen ink and ink line indicates the influence of solvent extraction process on the results. The PCA loadings are useful in individualization of a questioned ink from a database. The PCA of ink lines extracted at different times can be used to estimate the time at which a questioned document was written. The results proved that the UV-Vis spectra are effective tool to separate blue ballpoint pen ink in most cases rather than IR and HPTLC.     

Driving under the influence of amphetamine-like drugs

Scientific opinions differ whether the use of stimulants causes deterioration in driving skills. In 1857 of 8709 cases of driving under the influence of drugs, amphetamine-like drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylendioxyamphetamine) were present either alone or together with other licit or illicit drugs. In 338 cases, amphetamines were the only psychoactive substance group in plasma at mean, median, and highest concentrations of 0.18, 0.12, and 1.05 mg/L, respectively. A widespread opinion is that after the consumption of amphetamines, centrally stimulating effects with corresponding consequences on safe driving are expected. In contrast, many cases were observed that rather suggested an influence of centrally sedating substances when considering the psycho-physical conditions. Relations between concentration and effect could not be established. The apparent sedation is probably the consequence of sleep deprivation during an amphetamine binge and the after-effects of the drug.     

红外显微光谱技术分析陈旧性心肌梗死酰胺特征

目的应用红外显微光谱技术分析陈旧性心肌梗死组织中酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ含量及相互关系,以探讨陈旧性心肌梗死过程中蛋白质分子的变化。方法选取20例冠心病猝死案例(均含陈旧性心肌梗死病变)的心脏样本,在每个心脏心肌梗死边缘处取材2块,常规固定、制作蜡块、连续切片2张,其中1张行HE染色,经Dotslide 2.1工作站扫描设定陈旧性心肌梗死区为B组(病变区),邻近非梗死病变区为A组(非病变区);另1张切片常规脱蜡、脱水,在扫描图像指导下,于相应区域行红外显微光谱微区检测,应用OMNIC 8.0工作站处理、分析光谱。结果与A组相比,B组显微光谱示酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅱ吸收峰的变化趋势一致,均为峰位蓝移、峰增宽、峰强度增加;酰胺Ⅲ吸收峰为峰位蓝移、峰增宽、峰强度降低;两组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);B组酰胺Ⅰ峰高/酰胺Ⅱ峰高增加(P<0.01)。结论与非病变区域心肌组织相比,陈旧性心肌梗死组织的蛋白质含量及构成均有差异,该病变过程存在氧化应激作用影响。     

构建和谐党群关系：问题与对策

建立和谐的党群关系是党立于不败之地的根本保证。近些年来,党所面临的执政环境、执政条件发生了深刻的变化,使得党群关系呈现出一些新问题、新矛盾和新态势,如社会群体分化日益明显、弱势群体呈现出被边缘化趋势、人民群众的基本权利未得到充分保障等。在新形势下,构建和谐的党群关系,必须正确处理好各种利益关系,尊重人民群众的历史主体地位,依法保障人民群众的基本权益。     

An investigation of model forensic bone in soil environments studied using infrared spectroscopy

Infrared spectroscopy has been used to examine changes to bone chemistry as a result of soil burial. Pig carcasses were buried as part of a controlled field study, and pig bone was used in soil environments established in the laboratory. The variables of species type, bone pretreatment, soil type and pH, moisture content, temperature, and burial time were investigated. The crystallinity index (CI) and the organic and carbonate contents of the bones were monitored. The data revealed decreasing trends in the organic and carbonate contents and an increase in the CI of the bone with burial time. An acidic soil environment and soil type are the factors that have the most influence on bone chemistry as a result of burial. The study demonstrates the potential of infrared spectroscopy as a straightforward method of monitoring the changes associated with aging of bones in a variety of soil environments.