日本观光立国战略模式及启示

在世界上主要发达国家当中,把旅游业作为国家发展战略的除日本之外绝无仅有。研究日本观光立国战略的内容及其政策措施与成效,并在此基础上实现从实践到理论的升华,即从日本观光立国战略的实践总结国家旅游发展战略的模式,进而为中国推动旅游业发展提供理论基础和理论参考。日本观光立国战略模式可以归纳为确定一个战略目标、制定一个战略规划、实施4个重点战略、构建一个支持系统等内容。日本观光立国战略模式对中国制定国家旅游发展战略具有重要的参考价值。     

THE ECOLOGY OF GANG TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES*

Within any type of system, the actors in the system inevitably compete over resources. With competition comes the possibility of conflict. To minimize such effects, actors often will partition the system into geographic territories. It is against the larger ecological backdrop of competition and conflict that we examine territory formation among urban street gangs. Although previous studies have examined the social and built environment where gangs form, and how the presence of a gang influences local levels of violence, we know little about how competitive interactions are tied to the formation and maintenance of gang territories. We use formal spatial Lotka–Volterra competition models to derive hypotheses about competition‐driven territory formation. By using data on 563 between‐gang shootings, involving 13 rival street gangs in the Hollenbeck Policing Division of Los Angeles, we show that violence strongly clusters along the boundaries between gangs in a way that is quantitatively predicted by the theory. The results suggest that even weak competitive interactions between gangs are sufficient to drive gang territory formation without recourse to other processes or assumptions.     

在我国建立以“假释为主、减刑为辅”的罪犯出狱新模式

我国重减刑、轻假释的现状源于刑法规定中的逻辑悖论,由此影响了减刑假释制度对罪犯更新改造、重返社会、预防和减少重新犯罪、降低刑罚成本功能的有效发挥,影响了假释的广泛适用,不利于监狱和社会秩序的稳定。我国应适当降低假释标准,提高减刑标准,以此来完善我国的减刑假释制度。     

Paradox of China＇s Jurisprudence in Course Of Social Development

改革开放以来的法理学在研究与教学上在一定程度上与中国模式之间存在着一种张力,其表征是：法理学之西方知识与中国模式之东方经验的悖论、法理学之“权利本位”与中国模式之“发展”“稳定”目标的悖论、法理学之法律自由价值优先与中国模式之法律秩序价值优先的悖论、法理学之以“个人”为本的法律观与中国模式之以“人民”为本的法律观的悖论。如何认识与看待这些悖论,是当下法理学发展的新课题。     

Gender and Injury Risk in Incidents of Assaultive Violence

This study investigates the situational characteristics that determine the presence and severity of injury in incidents of assaultive violence. The analysis uses merged data from the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Supplementary Homicide Reports for the years 1992-2008, in order to model the determinants of victim injury. The analysis includes all incidents of attempted or completed, non-sexual assault against victims 12?years of age or older. Injury severity is classified into one of four possible levels: no injury, minor injury, serious injury (requiring doctor, hospital, or emergency room care), and lethal injury. Special attention is given to the way in which gender modifies the influence of situational elements on the presence and degree of victim injury. While the results suggest that the situational determinants of injury are by and large uniform for male and female victims, important gender differences are observed in the salience of relational distance.     

我国农业投资立法略论

现代化农业的建设离不开对农业科学持续大量的投入,加强农业投资立法,从法律层面明确各农业投资主体的权利义务,严格规范各投资主体的农业投资活动,为农业投资行为提供法律的确定性和可预见性具有重要意义.农业投资立法应当以财政资金引导多元投入原则、保护各投资主体合法利益原则、农业可持续发展原则和科学管理与有效监督原则为指导,在明确各农业投资主体法律地位的基础上构建以《农业法》为核心的农业投资法律体系.     

The Durability of Imposed Democracy

Why do imposed democracies endure and how do policy choices by imposing states affect durability? To study these questions, we formulate expectations linking durability to structural domestic conditions, the level of domestic security in the state into which a polity is imposed, the policies of imposing states, and the regional environment within which an imposed democracy is nested. We use event history to test our expectations on a sample of democracies imposed during the twentieth century. We find that relatively immutable, structural conditions, such as ethnic cleavages, economic development, and prior democratic experience strongly influence the durability of imposed democracies. While some policy choices made by imposing states can impact the survival of imposed democracy, they do so only modestly relative to the environment in which a democracy is imposed.     

宁夏农村养老面临的困境与养老模式的构建

在宁夏,60岁及以上人口、65岁及以上人口占总人口的比重分别达到10.98%,和7.20%,说明宁夏已经进入老龄化社会。居住在乡村的人口占总人口的52%,意味着宁夏农村养老以及养老模式的构建已成为一个亟待解决的课题。     

论独立监管机构的经济法主体地位——以马克思主义社会权力机构学说为视角

早在19世纪中叶,马克思、恩格斯就已经预见到社会权力机构的兴起,这一预见已被中西方主要国家独立监管机构的产生与发展实践所证明。作为日益重要的经济管理主体,独立监管机构的公益代表性与权力合一性完全契合经济法主体特征的基本要求,亟需在经济法主体理论上对此作出回应。纳入独立监管机构考量后的经济法主体理论更加完善,可以明晰国家与政府在经济法主体类型上的差别,解释政府作为经济法主体和行政法主体在性质上的不同,并在一定程度上回答了社会中间层的经济法主体地位问题。基于独立监管机构的发展现状与趋势,经济法主体将呈现出"政府——独立监管机构——市场主体"互动模式。     

论代工工厂模式的法律规制

近年来,我国代工工厂与日俱增,在促进就业和增加税收的同时,也引发了环境污染、工人自杀、工厂爆炸、工伤等一系列社会问题,备受公众和学界的关注,建议出台相关法律对代工工厂模式进行规制.事实上,解决这个问题的关键在于如何认定原始设计制造商与代工工厂及其劳动者的法律关系,它们既相互独立又存在一定管理和被管理关系.因此,应当以雇佣合同对代工工厂模式进行具体的法律规制,从而明确代工雇佣合同的内涵、特征、法律效力.当损害发生时,通过损害赔偿请求权来保障代工工厂、劳动者、第三人的合法权益,促进代工工厂在中国健康、和谐发展.