最低消费标准的法经济学分析及规制——以餐饮业为主要分析对象

关于最低消费标准的争议在理论界一直存在。细究之，餐饮业设置最低消费标准有收回成本的合理性基础，一味地采取禁止型规制并不能很好地保护消费者的利益。因此应将重点放在标准的合理设定和消费者的知情权的充分保障上。依此类推。在规制其他行业的最低消费标准时，立法者与司法者也同样应当谨慎对待。     

专利无效补偿机制之探讨

以提高创新能力、促进技术进步和经济社会发展为宗旨的专利法,为专利申请人设立了许多权利与义务,在申请程序与核准后随之而来的义务之一则是费用缴纳成本,包含申请、审查以及维护专利存在的年费等。若专利权后来被无效确定后能够在合理范围内将部分曾经缴纳的费用适当地返还于原权利人,则有利于使发明创造者更愿意将其技术方案申请专利并积极地进行新的发明创造,从而推动科学进步和经济社会发展。     

Postfeeding Larval Dispersal Behavior of Late Season Blow Flies (Calliphoridae) in Southern Ontario,Canada

Postfeeding dispersal involves migration of larvae away from their food source in order to pupate. Puparia are difficult to find, yet are important for estimating PMI, and missing puparia during collection can result in inaccurate estimations. This study investigates the late season maggot dispersal patterns for blow flies at coyote carcasses in two habitats with an aim to improving puparia collection procedures. Puparia samples collected from various dispersal distances and directions tested the spatial distribution patterns of the various species using the variance/mean ratio (VMR). Lucilia illustris was the most common species to emerge, with a preferred minimum dispersal distance of more than 50.8 cm and an overall VMR value of 14.91, indicating this species had a clumped distribution pattern. These findings highlight that current collection procedures that use random sampling from under carcasses do not adequately account for the spatial distribution of larvae.     

Prototypicality analysis of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP): A cross-cultural perspective

The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) model is a new lexically based concept of psychopathy that has potential clinical utility. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the generalizability of the CAPP conceptual model in South Korea. In the current study, 88 experts and 1727 laypeople in South Korea were asked to evaluate the prototypicality of the symptoms of psychopathy (CAPP items) by using a Korean translation of the CAPP model (K-CAPP). In addition, 11 international prototypicality studies were systematically compared to the ratings by experts in the present study. As a result, it indicated that Korean experts and laypeople, on average, rated K-CAPP symptoms as moderately to highly prototypical of psychopathy, and more prototypical of psychopathy than symptoms theoretically unrelated to psychopathy (foils). Also, prototypicality ratings of K-CAPP symptoms made by those two groups were similar to each other as well as to ratings by experts and laypeople using the CAPP in other 11 countries. In conclusion, these results clearly show that both experts and laypeople in the current study conceptualized PPD in almost the same way as experts and laypeople from previous studies using the CAPP model.     

Slips and falls in stores and malls: Implications for community‐based injury prevention

An empirical analysis of the behavioral ecology of slip, trip, and fall accidents in grocery stores and shopping malls is presented. The store data set comprised 36 consecutive months of data collected from a chain of grocery stores in the Midwestern USA and the mall data set included 24 consecutive months of data collected from 22 malls across the continental USA, with a concentration in the southern region. Analyses showed that the majority of the slip, trip and fall accidents occurred on the inside of the establishments, on the same level, and resulted from a water or liquid spill or food item on the floor. Design deficiencies accounted for the least amount of occurrences and cost of the accidents, while housekeeping and inspection deficiencies accounted for the bulk of the accidents. Data‐based recommendations for slip, trip and fall injury‐prevention strategies in these public places, focusing on management action, are offered.     

民事诉讼执达员送达方式在我国的引入与构建

民事诉讼执达员送达方式具有其他送达方式无可比拟之优越性,引入执达员送达方式能够健全我国送达制度,完善送达方式,改善送达现状,破解送达难题,更有利于减少司法成本,提高司法效率。域外民事诉讼执达员送达规定给我国提供了参考与借鉴,我国现今具备引入与构建执达员送达方式的土壤,通过在全国开展试点,同时进行相关立法,在硬件与软件设施上建立执达员送达方式构建之一系列条件,最终实现执达员送达方式在我国的引入与构建。     

谈现代企业的成本管理观

随着企业改革的深入 ,企业现有的传统成本管理的观念及内容和方法已远远不能适应现代企业制度的需求 ,为此我们应该摆脱传统成本管理观念的束缚 ,建立科学合理的成本管理观 ,同时调整成本管理内容和方法 ,建立科学的成本管理机制 ,以适应现代企业制度。     

论诉讼成本与少数民族贫困地区软环境构建

软环境对少数民族贫困地区经济发展的作用日趋显现,法治环境是其重要组成部分,也是软环境有效形成的保障手段,而法治环境离不开诉讼,诉讼需要成本,合理的诉讼成本有利于法治环境的进一步升级。现实的高诉讼成本,对少数民族贫困地区经济发展法治环境形成有负面影响,形不成良性循环的软环境,使发展达不到预期的效益。要创建良好的软环境,形成高效的法治环境,一要提倡合理的诉讼成本;二要抑制对法治环境形成不利的因素,降低诉讼成本,从而发展少数民族贫困地区的特色经济。     

自然垄断产业授权立法成本的控制模式

自然垄断产业是授权立法的主要适用领域。在现代规制的效率目标下，授权立法必须控制代理成本。授权幅度、程序控制、规制机构的独立性、规则的监督这些单一控制工具对于最小化代理成本存在着一定程度的功能障碍，结构控制模式才能实现成本控制的功能整合，并解释各国多样化成本控制制度的权变特征。中国自然垄断产业授权立法应利用结构模式，结合国情，优先选择适应性的规制改革路径。     

软特性准稳定直流电源在电除尘器的应用及其前景

采用软特性准稳定直流电源作为电除尘器的供电电源 ,能够大幅度降低电场的能耗及除尘设备的投资。