论警察临战的武力控制

临战武力是警察依法使用武力手段控制犯罪嫌疑人的行为过程。国家法律赋予警察使用武力控制手段的权利,用于控制、制止犯罪行为。只有不断加强警察临战武力控制能力培训,提高警察临战武力控制的能力,才能保卫国家、社会和人民的安全。     

长江下游水域治安管理现状及对策

当前长江下游水域治安问题突出,侵财性案件较多;非法采砂的行为屡禁不绝;群体性事件和水上治安灾害事故突出。在治安管理过程中面临着执法依据不全、管理体制不顺、水上警务保障不足的困境。     

非强制性行政行为的增长与公安行政执法

在公共选择理论下,政府行为取决于公民的意愿和选择。或者说,一个负责任的政府是要不断地满足公民的权利吁求的。公众对公安机关直接强制行政行为的反感,促使公安机关转变执法观念,摆正位置,开发和运用多种具有行政指导、行政契约等非强制性的行政方式和服务措施,既达到了公安机关维护社会治安、推行治安管理的目的,又为群众所接受。这是公安行政执法改革与发展的一个重要趋势。     

以一起担保纠纷为范本论对合同效力认定的法律适用原则--兼评新公司法对旧公司法第60条第3款的修改

我国司法机关对合同效力的认定,适用特殊的法律原则:"依照合同成立时的法律合同有效的,适用当时的法律,依照合同成立时的法律合同无效,适用现行法律合同有效的,则适用现行法律".最高法院以司法解释的形式赋予了现行法律溯及力,难免有越权之嫌,这一原则适用的结果加剧了民事关系的不确定性、破坏了法制的稳定,同时最高法院的司法解释本身也尚需解释.这一原则的适用带有较大模糊性与不确定性.     

“十四五”及更长一段时期高校毕业生等青年劳动力供需趋势研究

青年劳动力的供给与需求情况是分析青年就业问题的关键。研究使用第七次全国人口普查数据、《中国劳动统计年鉴》数据和《中国教育统计年鉴》数据,对“十四五”及更长一段时期我国青年劳动力供给和分行业的新增劳动力需求情况进行了分析。研究发现：2010年以来,我国高校毕业生数量呈现扩张趋势,供给不断增加;预测结果显示,从当前到2035年,我国劳动力市场将面临供大于求的非均衡态势,特别是高校毕业生数量增多和扩招积压效应叠加,高校毕业生等青年群体就业压力将进一步凸显。研究建议,可以从增强人岗匹配度、优化就业条件、加强就业帮扶、积极引导青年投身乡村振兴等4个方面化解供给冲击和结构矛盾,促进广大高校毕业生等青年群体实现高质量充分就业。     

侦查程序中的人权保障——以犯罪嫌疑人的主体地位为视角

犯罪嫌疑人的主体性表现为平等权、参与权、救济权有机的权利体系。当前我国在建构和保障犯罪嫌疑人在侦查程序中的主体地位方面与西方存在较大差距,我国应借鉴西方国家的理论、制度和做法对我国犯罪嫌疑人的主体性进行建构:法律上确认犯罪嫌疑人的主体权利,建立司法介入制度,确立侦查谦抑和检察监督侦查的原则和制度。     

Development of a Novel Finger-Trigger Interface for Trigger Pull Measurement

Trigger pull is the force that needs to be exerted on the trigger to discharge a firearm. The measurement of trigger pull can assist in the evaluation of the safety, function, and manufacturing characteristics associated with a firearm during the forensic firearm examination process. Nonetheless, the accuracy and uncertainty of trigger pull measurements may be affected by the measuring device, test procedure, and environmental conditions. In this work, an innovative finger-trigger interface device was developed to facilitate accurate trigger pull measurements. The idea was to reduce the variation related to the position of the measurement device on the trigger in existing measuring methods and devices. Three force sensors based on different technologies were initially evaluated. While two of the three sensors failed to produce data, the miniature capacitive plate sensor exhibited high precision and a linear response over the range of typical trigger pulls. To examine the effects of the finger-trigger interface on trigger pull measurement, different sensor housing prototypes were designed in silico and 3D printed for the construction of three finger-trigger interface devices. The performance of each finger-trigger interface device was evaluated by measuring the trigger pulls of several selected firearms and comparing the data to a previously published study. Our preliminary results demonstrated the novel finger-trigger interface device offered a new way to measure trigger pull in situ with acceptable accuracy and precision.     

Examination of Hacking and Blunt Force Skeletal Trauma

Hacking trauma is prevalent in forensic cases involving genocide and dismemberment, but research into the identification of this type of trauma is lacking. The present study examines characteristics of hacking and blunt force skeletal trauma in order to determine if there is a point at which blunt force trauma becomes distinguishable from hacking trauma. Ten implements with a range of blade angles (i.e., the striking surface of the implement) were used in conjunction with a controlled-force hacking device to impact 100 limb bones of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Observations of the trauma included the occurrence and degree of fragmentation, the entrance widths of the impacts, and composite scores of six hacking characteristics, especially the distinctive V-shaped kerf. ANOVA tests and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between these characteristics and the blade angles. A significant relationship (p-value = 0.011) was found between the composite hacking scores and the blade angles, indicating that blunt force and hacking trauma can be distinguished. The entrance widths of the impacts exhibited a significant relationship with the blade angles (p-value = 0.037). There was also a significant relationship between the visibility of a V-shaped kerf in the bones (p-value = 0.003), with visibility decreasing around the 60° blade angle. These data should assist in establishing guidelines to differentiate hacking and blunt force skeletal trauma in cases where the implement is on a spectrum between sharp and blunt.     

Sharp Force Homicide in Denmark 1992–2016

Sharp force trauma is a common homicide method. The weapon is typically a knife, which is easily accessible and does not require special skills. We have analyzed all 471 sharp force homicides in Denmark during 1992–2016 with special focus on aspects that are relevant to forensic pathologists, including the distribution of wounds and organ injuries. Most homicides were committed inside with a kitchen knife. The front left thorax was the most common area to be affected by sharp force trauma. In 18.9% of the victims, there was only one sharp injury, the majority on the thorax. The most common trajectory for stab wounds was directly posterior with no deviation to the sides or up/down followed by directly anterior. The heart (including pericardium) and lungs (including hemo- and pneumothorax) had injuries in more than 75% of the victims. 67% of victims were males. Female victims had more sharp force injuries and defense wounds than male victims. Most females were killed in domestic homicides (73.7%), most commonly in partner killings (56.4%). In contrast, many male victims were killed in a setting of nightlife/intoxication (34.0%) most by a friend/acquaintance delivering a few stab wounds. The results clearly show strong sex differences in both victims and offenders. This could be useful for shaping policies and public opinion, and as a route for understanding the developments in interpersonal violence. In the narrow setting of death investigation, our results will provide an evidence-based approach to understanding the injury patterns in sharp force homicide.