Suicidal or Homicidal Sharp Force Injuries? A Review and Critical Analysis of the Heterogeneity in the Forensic Literature

The differential diagnosis between self-inflicted and nonself-inflicted, suicidal and homicidal, injuries is difficult or impossible in many cases and, above all, cannot be made on the basis of information obtained solely from the autopsy or the medicolegal clinical examination. The purpose of this study is to analyze the literature on suicidal and homicidal sharp force injuries and identify the relevant parameters that may help differentiate between suicidal and homicidal deaths. To achieve this goal, a review of 595 potentially relevant articles was performed. After excluding the nonrelevant papers by screening the titles, all abstracts were reviewed, and articles meeting the inclusion criteria underwent a full-text review. The following parameters were compiled into a table: number of cases, localization of the injuries, and number of injuries. The data were statistically analyzed and compared with those available in the forensic literature. On the basis of the heterogeneity of data revealed by the present review, a simple and short checklist of the parameters that should be included when reporting suicides and homicides by sharp force has been proposed.     

Is Fluorescence Under an Alternate Light Source Sufficient to Accurately Diagnose Subclinical Bruising?

This single‐blinded, randomized validation study was conducted to evaluate whether fluorescence under alternate light sources (ALS) is sufficient to diagnose subclinical bruising (bruising not visible under white light). Standardized trauma was induced on randomly selected ventral forearms. On days 1, 7, and 14 investigators independently examined case forearms under white light for perceived bruising and under ALS for fluorescence and compared body maps. 56 case and 62 control forearms (n = 118) were examined. Sensitivity of ALS on days 1, 7, and 14 was 76.8%, 69.6%, and 60.7%, respectively, compared to 69.6%, 60.0%, and 32.1% for white light. The specificity of ALS on days 1, 7, and 14 was 51.6%, 59.7%, and 53.2%, respectively, compared to 71.0%, 81.4%, and 86.9% for white light. ALS has increased sensitivity yet low specificity compared to white light in accurately detecting bruises. Fluorescence under ALS is not sufficient to accurately or responsibly diagnose subclinical bruising.     

The effects of supervisor education and training on police use of force

Police supervisors play a critical role in preventing unreasonable use of force. Despite their importance, only a few studies have examined the influences of supervisors on their subordinates’ daily practices, especially on their uses of police force. To bridge this gap, the current study explored the relationship between supervisors’ education level and use of force training and subordinate officers’ use of force practices. Using police use of force reports from 2004 to 2007 in a single urban police department, the current study examined how supervisor education and training impact on police use-of-force and found both highly educated and trained supervisors moderate their subordinate officers’ uses of higher levels of force.     

我国职工参与公司治理制度的非效率性分析

本文从利益相关者的理论基础出发,分析职工参与公司治理的必要性和重要性,并且对我国现有职工参与治理制度的非效率性,从劳动力特征的角度分析了非效率性的原因。     

试述合同成立后生效前的责任规制

本文从合同成立后生效前在事实上存在的对契约当事人的约束力入手 ,通过对目前法学界所持不同观点的分析和研究 ,进一步探讨了如何对其责任进行规制的问题。     

基于内心信念的证据认证

对证据的认证是法庭审理的一个关键环节,而事实审理者对案件证据的认知集中反映在他在审理过程中对这些证据的信念上。因此,通过对主体内心信念的描述就可以了解主体对证据的认知情况。本文从认识论角度探讨了事实审理者评判证据的方法:首先,分析了信念的一般特征,并通过对信念与知识的关系的分析提出法庭事实发现过程实际上就是一个由证据获得案件知识(确证了的真信念)的过程;其次,通过实例阐述了证据支持力的分配及作用过程;最后,在论述部分信念的兰姆赛度量方法基础上重点探讨了基于证据支持的信念函数方法及证据信念的组合规则。     

地方政府执行力建设研究——以杭州市拱墅区执行“建设秀美拱墅三年行动计划”为个案

执行力是政府工作的生命力，提高地方政府执行力是深入贯彻落实科学发展观的内在要求。在杭州市拱墅区政府执行“建设秀美拱墅三年行动计划”取得显著成效的同时，实践中仍面临如执行过程监控机制不健全、政府行为在价值取向上有偏差、执行的责任不清晰等困境。要提升地方政府的执行力，必须夯实执行的基础，强化科学发展理念；明确执行的关键，创新、完善决策制度；强化执行的核心，不断提高公务员整体素质。     

论我国行政强制执行的分配模式

我国现行的行政强制执行制度存在许多弊端，尤其是在行政强制执行的分配模式上出现了一些混乱。要厘清行政强制执行权分配的模式问题，就必须首先弄清该权力的属性，即该权力到底是行政权还是司法权。应当注意的是，权力的性质与行使是两个不同的问题，在确定行政强制执行权的性质后，应当根据我国实际情况，将行政强制执行权授予相关机关。在探索这些问题的过程中，对于如何构建符合我国国情的行政强制执行的分配模式也就比较清晰了。     

发展文化产业势在必行

发展化产业是繁荣社会主义化、满足人民群众精神化需要的重要途径，其根本目的要解放社会主义生产力。这是我国建设社会主义现代化的客观要求，更是参与国际竞争的一个重要方面。因此，必须大力发展化产业，增强我国化产业的整体实力与竞争力。