司法中利益衡量受到的挑战及应对——以利益主体多元化为分析背景

面对中国利益主体多元化趋势,司法中利益衡量受到的挑战主表现在利益衡量标准的模糊、“媒体审判”的干预及法律之外社会中的多元道德观念。文章从明晰利益衡量内涵开始,指出实践中所受到的挑战并提出法律对策。     

暴力犯罪的媒体诱因与对策反思——规避模仿示范效应的新路径

媒体对暴力犯罪的不当报道,会对潜在犯罪者起到模仿示范效应。鉴于新闻传媒客观、如实反映事件的职业伦理,其应当于公众知情权与犯罪预防间寻求平衡。但此种平衡未必尽然体现为“冷处理”式的抑制,必要时,在恪守媒体报道“绝对禁区”的前提下,适度地对特定暴力犯罪予以“热处理”,不仅是无害的,而且,其本身即为规避模仿示范效应的另一种至关重要的途径。     

First‐Hand Experience and Second‐Hand Information: Changing Trust across Three Levels of Government

Little is known about how different sources of information drive citizen trust in government. To address that gap this article compares disaster evacuees to observers, noting how trust differs as attention to media coverage increases. First‐hand experience supplies information to update trust through biological and personal processes and performance assessments, while secondary sources provide information about other people's experiences, filtered through lenses that take an active role in crafting information. These two types of information have varying effects depending on the level of government being trusted. Using surveys administered a year after Hurricane Katrina, I find that Katrina evacuees have the highest trust in federal government, until they start paying attention to media coverage, and that attention to coverage has the most dramatic effect on these evacuees compared to all other groups. I also find that increasing attention to second‐hand information corresponds with higher trust in local officials, and that this effect decreases as the level of government increases. It appears media coverage creates a comparison in the mind of hurricane evacuees, causing them to update their performance assessments based on comparing their own experience to that which they observe, thereby updating their political trust.     

Regulatory dynamism of environmental mobilization in urban China

In China, urban middle class mobilization against potential pollution risk has become increasingly common. This article examines this phenomenon through a detailed case study of a 2009 anti‐waste incinerator campaign in the Panyu District of Guangzhou, which culminated in a sizeable public protest and government U‐turn. This episode revealed tension between the narrow, state‐centered regulatory model fixated on end‐of‐pipe pollution control, and a much broader decentered approach advocated – and practiced – by project opponents, which incorporated public consultation and much greater emphasis on upstream waste reduction and sorting. In the process, the Panyu campaign progressed beyond a case of “regulation by escalation,” whereby beneficial regulations are belatedly enforced following populist pressure. Instead, it transformed into an open dialogue between a plurality of actors, including citizens, journalists, experts, and officials, about what regulation should constitute and who should determine acceptable levels of risk. By focusing on the processes through which regulatory issues emerged and changed during the Panyu campaign, this article highlights the regulatory dynamism of environmental mobilization in a context of regulatory uncertainty, and campaigns against “locally unwanted land uses” more broadly.     

版权制度与新媒体技术之间的裂痕与弥补

传统的版权法制度是属于新媒体技术之前的法律制度,其特征是制造稀缺、专家法律制度以及国家主权特征明显。但是新媒体的特征是媒体充裕、消费者多重角色以及作品传播的无国界化。这使得传统的版权法制度与新媒体之间产生了明显的裂痕,这种裂痕的存在导致版权权利人、新媒体与消费者之间产生了严重的紧张与冲突。目前有三种尝试来试图弥补这一裂痕:一是改造新媒体,通过技术手段使新媒体的这三个特征得到消减或者控制;二是修改版权法,使新的版权法适应新媒体环境;三是通过建立新的商业模式,尤其是广泛使用法定许可制度来消弱三者之间的冲突。但是,这三种尝试至今都不是非常成功,因此,如何应对版权法制度与新媒体之间的裂痕还需要进一步研究与观察。     

传播全球化对发展中国家的影响及其对策

国际广播、卫星电视、国际互联网络、跨国传播公司的扩张发展，使传播范围日益全球化，它对发展中国家在促进经济文化的繁荣发展、科技进步和政治民主化进程，缩小与发达国家差距等方面起到良好的促进作用，但同时在抢占媒介市场、冲击文化传统、干预社会意识形态以至内政外交等方面，也对发展中国家形成了挑战。制定和实行相关信息化政策，加强国际间的合作与交流，加快本国新闻传播媒体现代化、国际化步伐，是发展中国家迎接挑战的对策，而最根本的还是提高本国的经济实力。     

新闻立法迫在眉睫

我国目前只是依靠零星散见的法律条款和新闻政策来调整新闻信息传播活动。这就造成了新闻诉讼纠纷案例的激增。而尚无新闻法,使媒体的舆论监督权与公民的权利保护在一定程度上存在着失衡。所以,为了公平起见,使媒体市场走向良性发展,国家必须加快出台新闻法,以保障媒体乃至公民的权利。     

大众传媒:军营文化建设的重要力量

作为传播信息的工具和传播文化的载体，大众传媒在加强军营文化建设方面具有突出的特点和独到的优势：营造浓厚的“文化场”，让官兵在潜移默化中提高政治思想水准和科学文化素质；发挥导向作用，帮助官兵在复杂多元的文化现象中作出正确的判断和选择；对军队文化建设工作实施有力有效的指导作用。真正做到如此，关键取决于领导的认识到位和媒介工作者文化自觉的增强。     

全球化视域中的国际传播与中国对外宣传

在经济全球化的进程中,信息传播的意义重大,它使以民族国家为主要载体的国际传播,在国际政治、经济关系的互动中发挥着重要的作用。因此,为更好地“让世界了解中国,让中国了解世界”,必须遵循传播活动的规律,搞好对外宣传工作,这样才能有效地优化中国现代化建设的国际舆论环境,更好地为社会主义建设服务。     

Searchable talk: the linguistic functions of hashtags

An important dimension of social media discourse is its searchability. A key semiotic resource supporting this function is the hashtag, a form of social tagging that allows microbloggers to embed metadata in social media posts. While popularly thought of as topic-markers, hashtags are able to construe a range of complex meanings in social media texts. This paper uses the concept of linguistic metafunctions, to explore how hashtags enact three simultaneous communicative functions: marking experiential topics, enacting interpersonal relationships, and organizing text. Corpus-based discourse analysis of linguistic patterns in a 100 million word Twitter corpus is used to investigate these functions and how they relate to the notion of social search.