浅谈治安调解的策略与艺术

治安案件调解是公安机关贯彻治安管理处罚法确立的“教育与处罚相结合”原则的具体体现。对于缩小治安管理处罚的处罚面,以平和的方式解决人民内部矛盾,避免矛盾激化,促成人际关系的和谐,维护社会治安秩序的稳定,构建和谐社会,具有独特的功能和作用。本文从剖析当前治安调解的困境及存在的突出问题入手,对治安调解的策略与艺术进行深入探讨,对于公安机关更为有效地开展治安调解,缓解纠纷,消除矛盾,促进警民关系,维护公安机关的执法形象具有一定的启迪作用。     

关于治安调解工作的几点思考

治安案件的行政调解是基层公安机关的一项经常性工作,正确运用治安调解手段,对化解民间纠纷、消除社会矛盾、维护社会治安稳定、构建和谐社会,具有十分重要的意义。     

劳动争议调解机制的构造分析与改进构想

我国劳动争议调解机制的结构性缺陷为忽视了调解组织中立性、行动能力、行为动因、工会角色安排和交易费用承担等前提条件问题,其基本假设不可靠。参考国际社会的成功做法,结合我国实际,可建立健全企业内部劳资沟通渠道,配置给雇主以释明、沟通义务和相应的举证责任;可改造和充实三方机制,以建立区域性、行业性乃至国家层面的调解和指导调解机构;在诸多重要条件不具备的过渡时期,可选择政府主导的调解机制,同时培育和激励民间调解机构和人员的广泛参与;运用惩罚性赔偿的私法责任和行政处罚等公法责任,强化对劳资纠纷中侵权者特别是资方的法律约束,以确立劳资争议调解中促进妥协、和解的压力与诱导机制。     

我国公安行政调解的规范与完善

与其他非诉纠纷解决机制相比,公安行政调解具有独特的优势。但公安行政调解尚存在违反自愿原则、扩大调解范围、调解与处罚并用等问题,因此,应当科学定位并合理规范公安行政调解行为,以化解矛盾与纠纷,推动公安基层基础建设,增进社会和谐。     

论警察行政调解

警察行政调解是建立在既有的警察治安调解的基础之上 ,行使其行政权能的一个重要方法。它的适用对象应该包括因民间纠纷引起的治安案件 ,刑事案件中的自诉案件和对刑事案件的附带民事赔偿部分。警察行政调解对缓和社会矛盾的作用显著 ,但需在自愿、查明事实、分清是非、合法原则的指引下进行 ,同时对其具体操作程序也需要科学构造     

Representación e intermediación en el ámbito del trabajo: actores,recursos y estrategias

In a global context hostile to traditional labor unions' fare in defense of workers' rights, union representatives have had to innovate in their strategies and recourse to power while having acquired new allies, such as human rights NGOs. Tese changes complicate the classic examination of Hanna F. Pitkin's concept of representation and Philippe Schmitter's corporatism, and provide a point of departure from which to study several types of interaction and representation developed around the milieu of labor, illustrated by Mexican and Central American cases. Te main argument is that, whereas traditionally labor-unions have held the monopoly over formal representation of interests within the realm of labor, this kind of mediation has incrementally lost strength in the context of neoliberal and global economics, which has impelled unions to renew their abilities, strategies and power re-sources.     

论刑事和解的正义冲突及其消解

刑事和解的构建初衷在于强化刑事被害人的保护,但刑事和解的适用却无疑一定程度地弱化了对犯罪人的惩罚。被害人保护与犯罪人惩罚均为社会的正义诉求,却在刑事和解中产生冲突。应当在价值松绑、立法解危、司法开路中消解刑事和解中的正义冲突。     

论大调解格局下的人民调解制度定位

大调解格局是对我国社会转型、社会矛盾激增、社会纠纷亟须有效解决的积极回应,是社会管理创新之举。而人民调解制度源于传统调解制度,发展于建国后,对于预防纠纷、解决纠纷曾发挥过重大作用。但在新时期,人民调解一度因不适应社会发展未能充分发挥作用。大调解格局的形成,为人民调解的回归与功能的新定位创造条件。人民调解是社区建设、社区自治的必然要求,可以有市场、管理和司法模式的选择。人民调解是个多元的、开放的体系。     

Overcoming Barriers to Mediation in Intake Calls to Services: Research‐Based Strategies for Mediators

In this article, I investigate intake calls to community mediation services in which disputing neighbors ask mediators to help them resolve their conflicts. These calls are the first point of contact between potential clients and mediators. To maintain their organization's funding, mediators must convert a sufficient number of these callers into clients of the service. Intake calls, however, are not treated as part of the mediation process proper, and mediators are not trained to handle them. I audio‐recorded and transcribed approximately two hundred calls to mediation services based in the United Kingdom and then analyzed them using conversation analysis. I identified several factors routinely present in these intake calls that seemed to prevent disputants from ultimately engaging in the mediation process; I characterize these factors as “barriers to mediation.” These barriers include callers' lack of knowledge about mediation as a service and mediators' often ineffective methods of explaining the process. In particular, callers rejected mediation services when the mediators explained that mediation is an impartial service. Some of the mediators, however, managed intake calls differently, describing it more effectively, expressing empathy or affiliation with callers, and thus were able to overcome many of the callers' most common concerns about the process. In this article, I also discuss this study's implications for understanding the institution of mediation and for training mediators.     

法院调解“内卷化”与调解资源外部植入——以Q市两级法院人大代表协助诉讼调解实践为例

在纠纷解决的资源视角下,法院调解资源的投放情况攸关调解的效能。由于缺乏传统"马锡五审判方式"所隐含的"熟人权威"资源背景,法官更多通过增加调解工作频度以弥补熟人资源的缺失,造成了诉讼调解的"内卷化"。地方实践中的人大代表协助诉讼调解,在人大代表介入调解的正当性基础上,通过常识性话语资源优势和社会资本优势,为法院调解提供了"意外"资源支持的机遇结构,在一定程度上改善了调解"内卷化"问题。