辽宁新型农村合作医疗的现状及存在的问题

农民的医疗保障是整个社会保障体系中的一个重要组成部分。发展新型农村合作医疗,逐步建立和完善农村医疗保障体系,是贯彻科学发展观、构建和谐社会的重要内容,也是摆在各级政府面前的一项重要而紧迫的历史任务。辽宁省是继广东、浙江、江苏之后在全国较早全面启动新型农村合作医疗制度建设的省份。所以分析和研究辽宁省新农合的现状和存在的问题,具有一定现实和指导意义。     

农民工医疗保险制度研究

农民工作为现代社会不容忽视的一个重要群体,其医疗保险问题日益成为各级政府关注的焦点。解决农民工＂看病难,看病贵＂的难题是社会义不容辞的责任。建立完善的农民工医疗保险制度不仅为广大的农民工提供了合理的社会福利,更有利于社会主义和谐社会健康有序的发展。因此本文从现存医疗保险制度的问题入手,通过分析问题产生的原因,提出适合我国国情的农民工医疗保险制度的模式。     

论侵犯患者隐私权的法律责任

患者隐私权是应当受到保护的一种人格权利,但在医疗和医学教学活动中侵犯患者隐私权的事件时有发生,以至于患者和医护人员对簿公堂,因此对患者隐私权予以法律保护具有重要意义。在医疗活动和医学教学活动中,如何保护患者隐私权、在法律规定上如何将个人隐私权作为一项独立的人格权加以保护,应进行必要的思考和提出相应的对策。     

论医疗人工智能的刑法问题

医疗人工智能是我国新一代人工智能发展战略的重要内容,有助于提高诊疗效果、降低医疗风险,但也存在局限性,无法完全替代医师,不能成为医疗行为主体和医事犯罪主体.医疗人工智能应用给医师履行充分说明告知义务带来了困难,应当合理划定人工智能辅助医疗活动中医师说明告知义务的边界,改革患者获取医疗信息的制度,充分保障患者的知情同意权...     

The Contribution of Body Mass and Volume of Distribution to the Estimated Uncertainty Associated with the Widmark Equation

The Widmark equation is used forensically for the determination of the amount of ethanol (alcohol) that may have been consumed and also to determine the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of an individual at a specific time. It is important to be able to estimate the uncertainty associated with Widmark equations. To date, there has been no detailed determination of contribution to the final uncertainty of Widmark calculations of the volume of distribution of ethanol (V_d), using anthropometric equations, or the contribution of an individual’s body mass. Using published data, published literature, and freedom of information data, we determined that the variability (%CV) associated with V_d was ~10% (Watson et al. and Forrest anthropometric equations) and that the %CV associated with estimated body mass was ~15% compared to ~3% when body mass was directly measured. These data allow an estimation of the overall uncertainty of Widmark calculations using general error propagation. The estimated total uncertainty for BAC calculations increased from ~11% (volume consumed) and ~22% (BAC) to ~19% (volume consumed) and ~37% (BAC) when using measured body mass compared to estimated body mass. These results demonstrate that forensic practitioners should be mindful of the increase in estimated uncertainty in calculated Widmark equation results when estimated body mass is used rather than measured body mass. These data further improve the knowledge around the uncertainty of results calculated with the Widmark equation.     

Measuring Exposure to Political Advertising in Surveys

Research on the influence of negative political advertising in America is characterized by fundamentally conflicting findings. In recent years, however, survey research using estimates of exposure based on a combination of self-reported television viewing habits and Campaign Media Analysis Group data (a database of all advertisements broadcast on national and cable television in the top 75 media markets) has argued that exposure to negative political advertising boosts interest in the campaign and turnout. This paper examines the measurement properties of self-reports of television viewing. I argue that the errors from common survey formats may both be nonrandom and larger than previously acknowledged. The nonrandom error is due to the tendency of politically knowledgeable individuals to be more sensitive to question format. Thus the inferences drawn about the relationship between political knowledge, exposure to negative ads, and political behavior are also sensitive to the measures used to estimate exposure. I demonstrate, however, that one commonly used measure of exposure—the log of estimated exposure—is not only more theoretically defensible but also alleviates some of the more serious problems due to measurement error.

论法律认识错误对刑事责任的影响

随着社会的发展和时代的进步,关于法律认识错误与刑事责任关系的传统观点开始受到人们的质疑.应本着立足于现实社会,尊重历史的精神,坚持客观、全面的观点,从理论与实践相结合的角度重新审视法律认识错误与刑事责任的关系问题.     

Physical matches of bone, shell and tooth fragments: a validation study

The following study examines the reliability of physically matching fragments of bone and other mineral-based biological materials such as shells and teeth. Participants with varying education, training, and experience were asked to complete a matching exercise consisting of intentionally fragmented specimens. Success rates were very high; the positive association (correct match) rate was 0.925, while the nonassociation (overlooked match) rate was 0.075, and negative associations (incorrect matches) occurred at a rate of just 0.001. Results also indicate that those with more education and related experience tended to have higher positive association rates, although not significant statistically. Experienced osteologists, however, completed the matching exercise in significantly less time. Low error rates among both experienced and inexperienced individuals support the reliability and validity of performing physical matches of these materials, and suggest that performance may also be related to an individual's aptitude for spatial tasks or other factors.     

外伤后诊疗失误医疗纠纷分析

通过对5例外伤后医疗纠纷案件的回顾性分析,探讨了此类医疗纠纷的特点和医疗失误的成因。通过外伤和医疗失误在患者死亡后果中责任程度分析,提出了“死因竞合”和“参与度”的判定原则。并且认为,在涉讼的此类医疗纠纷案件的技术鉴定中,如将对死者进行全面尸体解剖和病理学检验以明确患者死亡的原因作为必要的前置程序．则对于此类案件的科学鉴定具有非常重要的意义。