Ethical and legal consideration of prisoner's hunger strike in Serbia

Hunger strike of prisoners and detainees remains a major human rights and ethical issue for medical professionals. We are reporting on a case of a 48-year-old male sentenced prisoner, intravenous heroin user, who went on a hunger strike and died 15 days later. Throughout the fasting period, the prisoner, who was capable of decision making, refused any medical examination. Autopsy findings were not supporting prolonged starvation, while toxicology revealed benzodiazepines and opiates in blood and urine. Cause of death was given as "heroin intoxication" in keeping with detection of 6-MAM. Legal and ethical issues pertinent to medical examination and treatment of prisoners on hunger strike are explored in accordance with legislation and professional ethical standards in Serbia. A recommendation for the best autopsy practice in deaths following hunger strike has been made.     

Essential medicolegal death investigation services: standardization of a survey instrument based on the Essential Public Health Services

The National Academy of Sciences recommends that states assess the performance of medicolegal death investigation agencies. To aid in performance assessment, we adapted an instrument based on the CDC's 10 Essential Public Health Services by translating the terminology to that of essential medicolegal death investigation services. This produced a survey that could be used to standardize reporting practices and services of agencies. To validate the instrument, a stratified random sample of 12 death investigation chiefs in 12 states was interviewed. This sample represented both medical examiner and coroner jurisdictions within the varying medicolegal structures. A cognitive testing process elicited how well participants could respond to and interpret the survey questions. The response was favorable in that the respondents agreed that given specific revisions toward question clarification, the instrument would be a useful and relevant tool for assessing system performance.     

美国马里兰州涉及电击枪死亡案例分析

目的 研究美国马里兰州涉及电子武器(电击枪)死亡案件的特点,探讨其法医学鉴定要点.方法 收集2004-2009年美国马里兰州法医局鉴定的涉及电击枪死亡案件13例,案件均经详细的现场调查,尸体进行系统解剖,并进行全面的毒(药)物检测及组织病理学检验.从一般情况、电击枪类型及接触方式、毒物检测结果、死亡方式、死亡原因等方面...     

日本医师会医师赔偿责任保险制度介评

始建于1973年的日本医师会医师赔偿责任保险制度,经过近40年的发展,已成为日本医疗事故纠纷解决体系中的不可或缺的机制。该制度的实施不仅为医师供给了价格低廉的保险产品,还为医疗事故纠纷的解决提供便捷渠道。尽管这一制度还不尽完善,但这并不妨碍我们从中汲取经验和启示。     

论医疗损害责任抗辩事由及其法律完善

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》第60条规定了医疗损害责任的抗辩事由,但法律规定不够完善,难以完全应对实践需要。因此,需要对第60条进行法律解释,并需丰富医疗损害责任抗辩事由体系,增加规定无因管理、医疗特权、意外事件、自甘冒险、损益相抵和并发症等抗辩事由。此外,结合我国医疗卫生事业体制和医学科学特点以及比较法的经验,应适当限制医疗损害责任赔偿。     

医疗损害赔偿诉讼难题及审判对策

《侵权责任法》第七章留下诸如当事人选择、案由确定、医疗过错和因果关系判断标准、病历证据属性、鉴定体制等许多实践操作的难题。对这些司法实践难题的解决,最高人民法院目前已经出台了部分司法解释,但实质性的问题都没有得到解决。由于最高人民法院出台司法解释有一个过程,在司法解释尚未出台之际,地方高级人民法院针对当地的司法实践的具体情况,可以因地适宜出台地方司法审判指导文件。我们现在看到的浙江、江苏、上海、北京四个省市的地方审判指导文件,解决了各地审理医疗损害赔偿纠纷案件中的一些难题,在制度上有创新之处,且具有极强的可操作性。地方司法审判指导文件的出台,既解决了当前地方上医疗损害赔偿案件审理的困境,也为最高人民法院制定司法解释积累经验。     

对当前我国医疗损害技术鉴定制度的思考

随着<侵权责任法>的实施,医疗纠纷司法鉴定将在医疗损害中起着越来越重要的作用.目前我国的医疗损害技术鉴定存在二元化的状态,有一定的优势也存在一定的弊端,建立统一、独立的医疗损害技术鉴定体系是非常必要的,这对切实保护医患双方的合法权益,依法公正解决医疗损害赔偿案件,构建和谐的医患关系有重要意义.     

医疗纠纷仲裁法律问题研究

我国现行医疗纠纷解决机制存在种种困境和缺陷,已无法有效化解医患矛盾、缓解医患关系。正因如此,在我国开展医疗纠纷仲裁,构建多元化纠纷解决机制实属必要。世界主要国家与地区在医疗仲裁方面的立法与实践为我国医疗纠纷仲裁制度的构建提供了新视角和新思路,具有重要的借鉴意义。我国将医疗纠纷纳入可仲裁范围,既符合我国《仲裁法》之规定,也契合国际社会仲裁制度的发展趋势。无论从仲裁的本质,还是从仲裁功能的有效发挥来看,以选择兼终局型的仲裁模式构建医疗纠纷仲裁制度更为可取;出于对患者权益的保护以及重建医患信任的考虑,医患双方在纠纷发生后经协商一致达成仲裁协议的方式更合情合理;鉴于医疗纠纷的专业特殊性,除双方当事人合议选择由独任仲裁庭审理案件以外,无论案件争议金额的多少,医疗纠纷仲裁庭的组织形式原则上应一律采用合议制。     

医疗产品损害责任三论

医疗产品损害责任是《侵权责任法》第59条规定的医疗损害责任类型,关于责任分担的规则规定得不够完善,应当根据产品责任的一般规则以及侵权责任法的连带责任规则进行补充.血液属于准产品,应当适用医疗产品损害责任规则确定医疗机构的赔偿责任.消毒药剂构成医疗产品损害责任,其缺陷的判定有一定特点.