Citizen support for European Union membership: the role of socialisation experiences

The article explores whether European Union membership has a socialisation effect on citizens’ attitudes towards their country’s membership of the EU. Using a sample of 15 Western European countries, it is shown that this is the case. First, evidence is provided of a positive lifelong socialisation effect: citizen support for their country’s membership of the EU increases with years spent living in an EU member state. Second, it is shown that those who joined the EU during their formative years are less supportive of the EU, whilst those who spent their formative years in a non-democracy are more positive about EU membership. The size of these effects is very small in comparison to that found for the lifelong socialisation effect, suggesting that the lifelong socialisation process of continued EU membership is much more important for EU attitudes. This study offers new insights into the formation of EU attitudes.     

从舆论监督到新闻法治——基于当代传媒与司法的关系研究

新闻自由与司法公正都是民主与法治的基本要求，是人类所追求的价值目标。但必须意识到舆论监督权的过度扩张，往往形成民众的激情与压力，影响到独立、理性的司法裁判和司法公正。如何权衡两者之间的矛盾与冲突成为摆在我们面前的一个时代主题。在借鉴国际规则和国外经验的基础上，结合我国司法与传媒的现状，新闻法治应是当前化解传媒与司法困境的可选择之路。     

Detecting manipulation in authoritarian elections: Survey-based methods in Zimbabwe

This paper explores the feasibility of using social surveys to detect electoral manipulation in authoritarian regimes. It compares official results from the July 2013 elections in Zimbabwe with findings from a nationally representative pre-election survey. The comparison confirms that the dominant incumbent party won the elections but by far smaller margins than officially reported. This discrepancy provides analytic leverage to identify the possible presence of coercive mobilization and vote suppression and to pinpoint their geographic location. The election results are re-estimated using a set of voting simulations based on novel proxy indicators and an original list experiment designed to reveal the political preferences of fearful voters. The paper concludes by discussing why autocrats manipulate elections and whether or not they succeed in their objectives.     

Stakeholder governance of organ transplantation: A desirable model for inducing evidence-based medicine?

Medical governance should secure and apply appropriate expertise, accommodate stakeholder interests, and promote social values. The most common form of governance, public (agency) rulemaking by government agencies, usually involves supplementing in-house expertise through advisory committees. An alternative, private (stakeholder) rulemaking, involves delegating the authority for developing rules directly to stakeholders, who often command relevant expertise, including that arising out of tacit knowledge. The possible advantages and disadvantages of agency and stakeholder rulemaking in medical governance can be assessed both from what we know about these forms in general and from experience with a prominent example of stakeholder rulemaking; that is, governance of the US organ transplantation system. It appears that this governance has been exceptionally successful in promoting evidence-based medicine. The stakeholder role in the governance of transplantation could be replicated in other areas by creating meaningful stakes to engage stakeholders and by increasing isolation from legislative politics through an independent funding source and circumscribed oversight.     

医疗纠纷中病历存在瑕疵问题之研究

医患双方因医疗行为发生纠纷诉至人民法院后,对病历中存在改动、添加的痕迹,医方和患方会持截然相反的观点。医院认为这是正常的修改,对医疗行为的正确性没有影响。而患方会认为,这是医疗行为错误或违反卫生法律法规给患者带来损害后,医方为逃避承担责任,而采取的补救措施,是篡改病历,掩饰自己的过错。这样的证据摆在法官面前,无论法官作出怎样的内心确认,法院作出怎样的裁判,都可能使一方甚至双方内心永远留着痛。     

论医疗侵权纠纷案件的举证责任

举证责任分配是证据制度的核心,其基础理论为“法律要件说”,由此而推导出“谁主张,谁举证”的一般举证责任分配规则。举证责任倒置是对“谁主张,谁举证”规则的修正,与侵权行为法相伴而生,其适用条件是由法律严格限制的。《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》规定医疗侵权诉讼实行举证责任倒置,这样规定并不妥当,理由也不充分,缺少法律基础,对医学发展不利。要完善我国医疗侵权诉讼举证责任,应当从明确医疗侵权行为的专家责任性质入手,建立专家举证制度,实行举证责任轮换,构建分散医疗风险制度。     

基层医疗机构假药劣药销售监管制度的法律剖析

本文从一起医疗机构销售假、劣药的案件谈起，通过焦点案情分析，引发对基层医疗机构假、劣药销售监管制度的深层次的法律剖析。文章首先采用现代法学理论的成因分析方法对基层医疗机构销售假、劣药品行为进行分析，研究其违法动机、违法方式和违法目的。而后在成因分析的基础上，运用比较法的方法，对中美相关制度进行比较。最后对基层医疗机构销售假、劣药的监管制度提出了一些合理化的建议。     

失地农民社会保障问题研究——以闽南某开发区为例

文章通过对闽南某开发区深入的实例调查研究,在明确了该地区失地农民的社会保障状况等方面存在的相关问题之后,运用社会保障等相关理论作为指导,明确地提出了必须为该群体建立科学、可行的社会保障体系的构想。     

宁夏新医改中的新经验新问题

“看病难看病贵”这是人们普遍关心的民生问题，六年前中央把宁夏确定为全国新医改试点后，宁夏从政策创新、组织实施等方面进行了大胆探索，并取得了较好的社会效果。     

俄罗斯早期市民社会的形成和发展——以社会、国家及社会舆论为视角

17世纪末至20世纪初的俄罗斯国家管理体制的演变和社会与国家的相互作用，是俄罗斯早期市民社会形成的社会学基础，从中也可以进一步理清俄罗斯社会从管理客体转变为管理主体的历史演变过程。作为社会与国家沟通主要渠道的社会舆论界在俄罗斯早期市民社会形成过程中一直起着重要的作用。国家与社会的每一次冲突与调和，国家暴力与革命者暴力的每一次角逐．舆论界总会向独立迈近一步。俄罗斯的社会现代化进程是以一种病态的方式进行的，君主——社会现代化的创始人和长期以来的领导者最终也以垮台而告终。最终，由于最后两位皇帝的缺点以及舆论界忍耐力、睿智和远见的缺乏导致了布尔什维克主义革命。