A Case of Toxic Shock due to Clandestine Abortion by Misoprostol self‐administration

Maternal mortality and morbidity are the leading causes of death and illness, respectively, among women of reproductive age in many countries throughout the world. Of all maternal deaths, those related to unsafe abortions are the most widely underestimated, but they are also the most largely preventable. Medical abortion is a safe and reliable method for termination of a pregnancy in early gestation, although it is important to be aware of signs and symptoms of severe infection and toxic shock syndrome after the medical termination of pregnancy; case studies in literature are rarely fatal events. We report the first case of septic shock syndrome following a clandestine pregnancy termination with a misoprostol‐only regimen (12 tablets 200 μg each). Autopsy findings and histopathological examination proved that the woman died from septic shock. This case suggests to improve the forensic investigations in case of unsafe, often clandestine, abortion is suspected.     

THE PRAGMATIC AMERICAN: EMPIRICAL REALITY OR METHODOLOGICAL ARTIFACT?

Scholars widely agree that the public is pragmatic about criminal justice. The empirical basis for this conclusion is the failure in several previous studies to find a sizable negative relationship between dispositional and situational crime attributions, or between support for punitive and rehabilitative crime policies. We suggest, however, that public pragmatism may be an artifact of the use of unidirectional question batteries in prior research to measure attribution styles and policy support. When such questions are used, acquiescent responding can introduce systematic error that is positively correlated across items and scales. Drawing on data from an experiment with a national sample (N = 826) of Internet panelists, we examine how this methodological approach impacts the bivariate correlations and multivariate relationships between attribution styles and between support for punitive and rehabilitative crime policies. The findings reveal that using unidirectional sets of questions to measure these concepts likely results in 1) inflated alpha reliability coefficients, 2) an underestimation of the magnitude of the negative relationships between attribution styles and between punitiveness and support for rehabilitation, and 3) an underestimation of the extent to which punitiveness and support for rehabilitation are driven by the same factors, working in opposite directions.     

当前医疗损害鉴定“二元化”模式的对策讨论

医患纠纷是一个复杂的社会问题,它掺杂了众多的社会矛盾。解决医患纠纷的核心是如何进行医疗损害鉴定,由于中国现实国情的复杂性,要想短时间内一劳永逸予以解决是不现实的。笔者提出应对医疗损害鉴定“二元化”模式的对策：近期将两个鉴定平台整合为一,成立医疗损害司法鉴定机构;中期成立医患纠纷特别法庭或仲裁庭并引进专家证人制度;远期设立医疗损害鉴定委员会,成立中国医疗损害鉴定协会。     

医学影像资料法医学同一认定30例分析

目的探讨医学影像资料法医学同一认定的鉴定原则、思路及方法。方法总结华西法医学鉴定中心1992—2012年受理的30例医学影像资料同一认定案例,对影像资料数量、种类,鉴定利用的识别点及其类型、间隔进行回顾性统计分析。结果胸部X线片为最常见的鉴定资料类型。利用的识别点共有33处、6种类型,包括：自身惟一性特征、骨骼自身结构的变异或发育畸形、疾病或退行性变、创伤后病理变化、医疗后果和正常形态的多处一致。结论影像资料常规审查是案件受理前提之一,同一认定时结合资料类型、投照部位及案情特点选择相应识别点,自身惟一性识别点最佳,多种类型识别点联合使用,识别点多处表现一致得出肯定结论者可应用于鉴定实践。     

基本医疗服务法制化研究

获取基本医疗服务是公民保障生命健康的基本权利,应当通过法律加以明确,使之成为"拟制公共产品"。公共卫生服务与基本医疗服务是两种性质不同的服务,不宜用一部法律来统一规定,因此全国人大《基本医疗卫生保障法》的立法模式是不适宜的,应当单独出台《基本医疗服务法》。政府提供基本医疗服务的范围主要包括基本医疗保险、基本医疗救助、基本药物和基本诊疗项目、基本医疗服务体系和基本医疗设施、基本医疗服务人力。公民的医疗服务请求权可以通过诉讼救济,医疗服务请求诉讼的类型属于行政给付之诉。     

我国网络舆情研究文献发展趋势探析

网络舆情的研究在社会各方面已引起了广泛的关注,通过利用文献计量分析方法对2002-2012年公开发表在CNKI中中国学术核心期刊网络出版总库的1432篇网络舆情领域学术论文进行文献计量分析,对10年来国内核心期刊网络舆情文献的载文量、作者、月平均被引频次、月平均下载频次进行分析与研究,综合论述网络舆情研究文献状况和发展趋势。     

网络舆论形成的原因与规避机制探析

网络舆论虽是社会舆论的一部分,但在形成原因与破解之道等方面却有其自身的独特性。社会失范事件的刺激、表达机制的缺失、网络的工具性优势、网络传媒的利益诉求及价值共识的内在支撑等是其形成的主要原因。因此,应立足于政府、法治、网络媒体与网民的四重视角,建构以政府疏导为主体、以法治建设为保障、以网络媒体为关键、以网民素养提升为基础的规避机制。     

论惩治和预防腐败体系中舆论监督的作为

中国共产党历来重视发挥舆论监督在腐败治理中的积极作用,特别是十六大以来的惩治和预防腐败体系建设,大大提升了舆论监督的地位和作用。无论是我国惩治和预防腐败体系,还是透明国际的国家廉政体系,舆论监督都是其中不可或缺的重要组成部分。不过,舆论监督的发展离惩治和预防腐败体系建设的要求还有较大差距。舆论监督要在惩治和预防腐败体系建设中大有作为,还应该从四个方面努力,即强化舆论监督制度构建的力度,提升舆论监督反腐报道的质量,前移舆论监督惩治腐败的端口,探索舆论监督预防腐败的路径。     

The social bases of nuclear energy policies in Europe: Ideology,proximity, belief updating and attitudes to risk

This article analyses the social bases underpinning the widely different trajectories of nuclear energy policies across Western European countries. Employing a set of surveys carried out in the last thirty years, it examines the conditional effects of ideology and geographical proximity to a nuclear power plant on attitudes toward nuclear energy, as well as the long‐ and short‐term dynamics of belief updating after the occurrence of major accidents. Results highlight how proximity can strengthen, weaken or have no effect on the ideological component of these attitudes. Moreover, the publics of most countries with experience in nuclear energy display the traits of Bayesian dynamics of belief updating, especially in the vicinity of a plant. The article also shows the fairly exceptional traits of French public opinion. In conclusion, the broad social constraints within which governments operate, across time and space, shed light on the different policy trajectories of European countries.     

Representatives of the public? Public opinion and interest group activity

Although scholars have long speculated about how organised interests link the public to decision makers, there has actually been little empirical research on this important element of democratic theory. This important gap in the literature is addressed in this article by examining, in addition to other supply‐side and demand‐side factors, whether groups mobilise on issues in policy areas that are regarded as salient by the public. Based on an analysis of 4,501 contributions in 142 European Commission online consultations, it is found that organised interests potentially can act as a transmission belt between the public and decision makers. Although the results vary to some degree by issues, higher rates of mobilisation are found on those issues that fall within policy areas that are regarded as salient by the general public and those with consequences for budgetary spending.