论精神病人强制医疗程序中存在的问 题简

2012年刑事诉讼法增设了“依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的强制医疗程序”,从而解决了强制医疗程序在程序法层面立法空白的缺陷问题,但仍存在着鉴定程序的规定存在立法空白、危害性条件缺乏具体标准、程序启动主体缺少当事人、临时的保护性约束措施未具体规定、合议庭的组成缺乏合理规定、法律援助仅适用审判阶段等问题.为使该程序在司法实践中取得预期效果,必须解决上述问题.     

公司法律规范分类研究

公司法律规范的种类应当包括强制适用规范、授权适用规范和推定适用规范。强制适用规范是强行界定当事人权利义务关系的一种公法和私法相融合的法律规范,授权适用规范和推定适用规范有助于私法自治原则的推行。解析公司法律规范的研究目的在于,重构公司法律规范体系,即内在的规范体系和外在的规范体系。内在的规范体系由公司法、民法、合同法等私法规范构成,外在的规范体系由宪法、刑法、行政法等公法规范和内在规范体系共同形成一个统一的整体。     

Does fair anonymization exist?

Anonymization is viewed as an instrument by which personal data can be rendered so that it can be processed further without harming data subjects' private lives, for purposes that are beneficial to the public good. The anonymization is fair if the possibility of re-identification can be practically excluded. The data processor does all that he or she can to ensure this. For a fair anonymization, simply removing the primary personal identification data, such as the name, resident address, phone number and email address, is not enough, as many papers have warned. Therefore, new guidance documents, and even legal rulings such as the HIPAA Privacy Rule on de-identification, may improve the security of anonymization. Researchers are continuously testing the efficiency of the methods and simulating re-identification attacks. Since the US and Canada do not have a population registry, re-identification experiments were carried out with the help of other publicly available databases, such as census data or the voters' database. Unfortunately, neither of these is complete and sufficiently detailed, so the computed risk was only an estimate. The author obtained the zip code, gender, date of birth distribution data from the Hungarian population registry and computed re-identification risks in several simulated cases. This paper also gives an insight into the legal environment of Hungarian personal medical data protection legislation.     

略论我国医疗损害概念变化简

医疗损害概念随着医疗卫生服务的市场化而出现,随着市场化程度的深入而扩展。当今,医疗损害的外延已扩展到与医疗有关的各种人身和财产损害。随着医疗卫生服务重回＂公益性＂,医疗损害的外延也应重新确定。     

关于非法医疗机构内执业医师是否构成非法行医罪主体的探讨

依最高人民法院《关于审理非法行医刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》规定,个人未取得《医疗机构执业许可证》开办医疗机构的行为应认定为《刑法》第三百三十六条第一款规定的“未取得医生执业资格的人非法行医”,即在个体行医的场合下,医师必须取得《医疗机构执业许可证》,方能开展诊疗活动,否则便属于非法行医。然而,非个体行医的情形下,医师在无执业许可证的医疗机构行医,是否属于非法行医？对此,法律并无相关规定,本文对此类案件所涉医师是否属于刑法规定的“未取得医生执业资格的人”进行探讨。     

我国医疗损害诉讼中专家辅助人制度的现状与建议

2002年《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》规定了民事诉讼中的专家辅助人。2013年修订的《民事诉讼法》中也明确了民事诉讼中的专家辅助人制度。在司法实践中,医疗损害的案件专业性强,并且案件通常都会涉及到医疗损害技术鉴定,这就使得医疗损害案件是民事案件中经常需要专家辅助人的一类案件。本文在剖析了专家辅助人的诉讼地位后,认为我国医疗损害案件中的专家辅助人不同于英美法系中医疗诉讼中的专家证人,也不同于证人、鉴定人和诉讼代理人。在此基础上,探讨了医学专家辅助人在医疗损害案件诉讼的实际应用,并针对现有相关规定中不明确的地方提出了完善医疗损害诉讼中专家辅助人制度的建议。     

我国政府规制研究的现状分析与启示

本文以1997年至2003年国内学者公开发表的640篇规制研究论文为样本,重点对论文的研究内容、研究方法和研究者学科背景进行了客观描述和评价,并对我国行政学界在日后的政府规制研究中所可能做出的贡献做了一次初步的探索。本文认为,政府规制研究理应成为行政学研究的重要领域,它在比较行政学、政策学、组织管理、制度理论和行政改革研究方面取得的成果,对深化我国规制理论和规制改革实践的研究具有十分重要的意义。     

地方高校人文社科科研量化考核办法研究

近年来,科研量化考核已成为地方高校对教师进行科研考核的重要形式之一,但对科研进行量化,尤其是对人文社会科学相关学科科研成果的量化一直备受争议。本研究从现行科研量化评价机制的必要性和局限性入手,分析地方高校制定科研量化政策时应注意的问题及所应采取的对策,旨在为构建更公平合理的制度环境铺垫基础,进而促进地方高校科学研究的良性发展。     

Distortion in Fingerprints: A Statistical Investigation using Shape Measurement Tools

Friction ridge impression appearance can be affected due to the type of surface touched and pressure exerted during deposition. Understanding the magnitude of alterations, regions affected, and systematic/detectable changes occurring would provide useful information. Geometric morphometric techniques were used to statistically characterize these changes. One hundred and fourteen prints were obtained from a single volunteer and impressed with heavy, normal, and light pressure on computer paper, soft gloss paper, 10‐print card stock, and retabs. Six hundred prints from 10 volunteers were rolled with heavy, normal, and light pressure on soft gloss paper and 10‐print card stock. Results indicate that while different substrates/pressure levels produced small systematic changes in fingerprints, the changes were small in magnitude: roughly the width of one ridge. There were no detectable changes in the degree of random variability of prints associated with either pressure or substrate. In conclusion, the prints transferred reliably regardless of pressure or substrate     

Explanations for violent behaviour—An interview study among forensic in-patients

The alleged relation between mental disorder and violent criminal behaviour has been investigated mainly from an epidemiological perspective. Population-based registry studies have shown that violence occurs more frequently among people with mental disorders, like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, compared with control subjects, but that the increased risk is largely mediated by drug abuse and socio-economic deprivation. The aim of this study was to explore how patients who have committed violent or sexual crimes and have been sentenced to forensic psychiatric care by a Swedish court of law construed their criminal actions in terms of causes. Forty-six participants from six different Swedish forensic psychiatric clinics were included in the study. A semi-structured interview study was conducted and the data was analysed using a thematic analysis. A large group of the participants did not believe that the mental disorder played any role in the criminal events. Contributing causes that were mentioned were drug abuse and social factors.