改革开放以来工会调研工作回顾与前瞻

着眼改革开放以来党和国家事业、工人运动和工会工作不同阶段,运用翔实史料全面客观反映工会调研工作的发展变化,对进一步推进工会理论与实践的创新发展具有重要意义。本文以工会调研工作为研究对象,结合改革开放时代背景,按照不同的历史阶段,以党和国家重大事件、工会重点工作为主线,对中国工会九大以来工会调研工作的发展历程、主要成效、经验特点和问题不足进行了梳理,并立足新形势新任务,对加强和改进工会调研工作进行了展望,提出了总体要求和重点任务。     

言语识别技术发展概述

本文着重综述并探讨了文件检验技术的重要组成部分——言语识别技术的学科发展历程、近30年学术成果现状、存在问题以及未来的发展思考.     

The Coming Age of China’s Mental Health Social Work and Practical Research Agendas

As six Departments of the National Health and Family Planning Commission enacted ‘The Notification of Implementing the Pilot Work on the Integrated Management of Mental Health’(National CDC，2015，No.57) in April 2015, that year has been seen as the first year of the coming of social work on mental health as well as the milestone of epoch-making and historical significance, marking that Chinese people need structural transformation and the development of health care system toward modernity. Mental health has become a national, universal and highest level of health needs. For the four decades since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements of policies and regulations on mental health, initially forming the system and framework of mental health policies and regulations with Chinese characteristics. However, social workers still stay in a “marginalized” position and cannot give their due profession to full play. The article first provides a succinct outline of the scope, contents and priorities of the framework and system with regard to mental health social work practices. Then the focus is to build China’s social work practical research agendas of mental health, to draw up a “list of practical research issues”of China’s social work on mental health, to designate the direction for future development of social work of mental health and to lay the foundation of social work for the full realization of the magnificent goal of the Healthy China and well-off society.     

Psychotropic Medications for Youth in Child Welfare: Developing and Pilot-Testing A Field Guide for Team Decision-Making

High rates of children involved with the child welfare system are prescribed psychotropics. In response, federal legislation has mandated state child welfare agencies to develop policies to improve the coordination and oversight around the use of psychotropics. This project aimed to support such policies by developing and pilot-testing a field guide for team discussions and decision-making related to the use of psychotropics among youth in child welfare. We used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework to engage a team of local stakeholders, including former youth in foster care and parents, in the research. We developed a field guide to facilitate team discussions and decisions around the individual needs and preferences of youth and families, and we pilot-tested the field guide with child welfare staff, parents, and care team members in seven team meetings. Parents and care team members, in particular, highly valued the guide and found it useful to increase knowledge and improve practices such as side effect monitoring and information sharing. Child welfare responses were more mixed, and some reported feeling burdened by the additional tasks. More work is needed to integrate the guide into routine child welfare practice and reduce burden on staff.     

Are ethics promulgations self-defeating?

Alan Wertheimer argues that promulgating some ethical standards of international clinical research may be self-defeating: the intended purpose of these standards is to promote the interests of subjects and communities in LMICs, while the outcome of promulgation could be to undermine these very same interests. If enforced, such standards would increase the costs of performing beneficial research in LMICs, potentially diverting opportunities to participate in this research away from those who have no other access to the care participation allows. I argue that these standards are really intended as deontological constraints protecting subjects from being exploited by research sponsors. First, I show that Wertheimer begs the question against this deontological interpretation of ethics promulgations, rejecting it on non-deontological grounds. I go on to show that non-exploitation is an important goal on its own, sometimes independent from—and sometimes even outweighing—the goal of promoting the interests of subjects and communities in LMICs. I conclude by suggesting that those who criticize the promulgation of non-exploitation on the grounds that exploitative practices help those badly off might do best to reconsider the background assumption that sponsors in wealthier countries have no pre-existing obligation to promote the interests of the world''s poor.     

Diversion effects,incentive effects,and the goals of research ethics promulgations

It was with great sadness that the philosophical and ethical communities noted the recent passing of Alan Wertheimer. It is not possible to engage in serious work regarding international research ethics (nor much of political philosophy more broadly) without encountering and wrestling with his careful contributions. He was welcoming of discussion and generous with his intellectual energies. Ongoing work in these areas will be so much the poorer for his absence.     

刑法学：向死而生

中国刑法学已经走过了60年的坎坷历程，随着法治的兴废而沉浮。改革开放30年来，中国的刑法学研究得到了长足的发展。目前，中国刑法学面临着知识转型的问题。本文采用描述性的手法、反思性的评论、前瞻性的视野，对中国60午的刑法史进行了回顾，是作者对中国刑法学术史考察的开篇之作。     

非刑罚处罚司法适用情况调查与法理研究

非刑罚处罚措施在实践中极少被适用。由于我国《刑法》第37条规定的非刑罚处罚方法并不丰富，“犯罪情节轻微不需要判处刑罚”、“可以根据案件的不同情况”等条件设置缺乏量化内容，导致非刑罚处罚的标准非常模糊。检察机关是非刑罚处罚刑事适用的当然主体。非刑罚处罚适用条件包括犯罪情节轻微性、刑罚处罚豁免性、非刑罚处罚必要性等三方面内容。非刑罚处罚适用范围应按照合法性原则界定，只有刑法规定应当或者可以免除刑罚的情形，才能予以适用。     

创伤科病历书写相关缺陷及其对司法鉴定的影响

病历是创伤病人进行司法鉴定的重要客观资料，病历书写中相关缺陷直接或间接影响着司法鉴定活动的正常进行。分析创伤科病历书写中的一些常见缺陷对司法鉴定带来影响，强调提高创伤科医务人员的法律意识及病历书写质量是保证司法鉴定结论客观公正的重要因素之一。     

“国家犯罪及其刑事责任”理论争鸣与发展研究

在国际立法和司法实践中,有关"国家犯罪及其刑事责任"的理论争论旷日持久,但终因各方观点不一而予以回避。学者对该问题的理论研究主要集中于,国家主权与国家的对世义务、国家犯罪和刑事责任的合法性、集体犯罪和集体惩罚的合法性、实现国家犯罪刑事责任的可行性、国家作为抽象实体有无犯罪意图、国家责任的性质六个方面,分为支持与反对两种观点,彼此针锋相对。基于国际政治现实与国际法治追求的考虑,为了有效遏制最严重的国际犯罪,在国际司法实践和学术研究中出现以"政府犯罪"代替"国家犯罪"的新思路。