析共同正犯的几个问题

共同正犯理论是刑法理论的一个重要组成部分。根据我国的立法实际,采用形式的客观说来界定共同正犯的概念更为可取。就共同正犯的性质而言,它是介于正犯与共犯之间的中间类型,既有正犯的属性也有共犯的属性。按照不同的标准,可以对共同正犯作不同的分类。其中相互的共同正犯与附加的共同正犯、累积的共同正犯与择一的共同正犯等共同正犯类型,我国学者研究较少,应予重视。     

论人身危险性量刑情节的裁量

人身危险性是被告人的再犯可能性,根据报应限制功利的原则和报应让步功利的原则,法官在量刑时可以对人身危险性较小的被告人从轻处罚,但不能对人身危险性较大的被告人在其犯罪严重程度所对应刑罚的基础上加重处罚。     

过限犯认定问题研究

过限犯是附随于共同犯罪过程中的一种特殊的犯罪形态。过限犯认定对于明确行为人刑事责任和惩罚犯罪具有重要的意义。本文结合共同实行犯、组织犯、教唆犯和帮助犯等不同的共犯类型,全面而具体地探讨了过限犯的认定问题。     

我国精神障碍者社会保障问题研究

精神障碍者是弱势群体中的弱势群体,他们的生存和发展成为我国社会发展中一个不容忽视的问题。精神障碍者社会保障问题解决不到位,很容易影响家庭、社会的和谐与稳定。我国应该建立一个以政府为主导,社会各界共同参与的精神障碍者多元化保障和防控体系。在这个过程中尤其应该做好社区保障这一新型化的社会保障工作。     

论刑法中的事后自救

刑法中的事后自救有着不同于一般意义上的自救行为的特别意义,它是刑法中的违法性阻却事后即正当化事由之一。刑法中的事后自救有着从起因要件、时机要件到主体要件、主观要件再到对象要件和限度要件的系列性构成要件或成立条件。不符合构成要件或成立条件的自救行为轻者是过失犯罪,重者是故意犯罪,不仅可以实施正当防卫或紧急避险,甚至可以实施"刑法中的事后反自救"。     

结合犯若干问题研究——规范解读与理性反思

在大陆法系刑事立法的发展完善过程中,结合犯占有一席之地。我国刑法至今仍未规定典型的结合犯,但基于规范目的及刑法理性的考察,应当重视对结合犯适用问题的研究。结合犯的既、未遂应以他罪为标准。结合犯的中止宜以后一个犯罪是否中止为标准。结合犯的共同正犯是客观存在的,但当后行为人仅实施了部分实行行为时,只能对参与后的行为及结果负责。     

DETERRENCE AND DETERRABILITY*

The first forays into Western criminological theory came in the language of deterrence (Beccaria, 1963 [1764]). The paradigm itself is simple and straightforward, offering an explanation for crime that doubles as a solution (Pratt et al., 2006). Crime occurs when the expected rewards outweigh the anticipated risks, so increasing the risks, at least theoretically, will prevent most crimes in most circumstances. If deterrence describes the perceptual process by which would-be offenders calculate risks and rewards prior to offending, then deterrability refers to the offender's capacity and/or willingness to perform this calculation. The distinction between deterrence and deterrability is critical to understanding criminality from a utilitarian perspective. However, by attempting to answer “big picture” questions about the likelihood of offending relative to sanction threats, precious little scholarship has attended to the situated meaning of deterrability. This article draws attention to this lacuna in hopes of sensitizing criminology to an area of inquiry that, at present, remains only loosely developed.     

精神病态罪犯的情绪障碍模型评述

精神病态是一种表现在人际关系、情感、生活方式和反社会特质等方面的人格障碍。国外精神病态关于情绪障碍模型存在着几种主要观点及神经机制,但是各种模型均存在一定的不足,最主要的问题是模型过于简单、忽视其他特质的影响以及以成年白人罪犯为主要研究对象。精神病态罪犯的情绪障碍研究应朝三个方向努力,即认知模型与神经模型相整合,注意在行为表现与神经机制之间起着调节作用,开展跨文化研究。     

Violence ratings of female patients in broadmoor hospital

Abstract

A study is described which characterised the female population of Broadmoor Special Hospital on a scale (Robertson et al., 1987) which rates violence associated with the index offence and previous episodes of violence both in terms of prosecuted violence and unprosecuted incidents. This scale has been applied recently to the male population of Broadmoor (Wong et al., 1993). The findings here confirm the notion that the female population of a Special Hospital are less violent than the males in terms of rating of violence associated with the index offence and in previous convictions for violent offending. The females contain a larger proportion of patients convicted of the offence of Arson (index offence) and patients transferred from other hospitals because of being unmanageable in these settings (under Section 3 of the Mental Health Act). Extreme ratings of violence amongst the females is associated with a diagnosis of personality disorder rather than schizophrenia or psychosis.