The Institution of a Standardized Investigation Protocol for Sudden Infant Death in the Eastern Metropole,Cape Town,South Africa,,

The rate for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Cape Town, South Africa, is estimated to be among the highest in the world (3.41/1000 live births). In several of these areas, including those of extreme poverty, only sporadic, nonstandardized infant autopsy, and death scene investigation (DSI) occurred. In this report, we detail a feasibility project comprising 18 autopsied infants with sudden and unexpected death whose causes of death were adjudicated according to the 1991 NICHD definitions (SIDS, n = 7; known cause of death, n = 7; and unclassified, n = 4). We instituted a standardized autopsy and infant DSI through a collaborative effort of local forensic pathology officers and clinical providers. The high standard of forensic investigation met international standards, identified preventable disease, and allowed for incorporation of research. We conclude that an effective infant autopsy and DSI protocol can be established in areas with both high sudden unexpected infant death, and elsewhere. (SUID)/SIDS risk and infrastructure challenges.     

Divorce-Related Malicious Parent Syndrome

Divorce-Related Malicious Mother Syndrome was described originally by Turkat (1995). When this initial report was published, the disorder had been observed only in females. Recent case material has emerged which suggests that the abnormality may be gender neutral. To facilitate proper scientific investigation, the taxonomic label and diagnostic criteria have been changed accordingly. Divorce-Related Malicious Parent Syndrome is a significant clinical and legal problem, which remains in dire need of pertinent research and analysis.     

分部针刺法配合推拿手法、功能锻炼治疗粘连期肩关节周围炎30例

目的 观察分部针刺法配合推拿手法、功能锻炼治疗粘连期肩关节周围炎的临床疗效.方法 将60例粘连期肩关节周围炎患者按临床就诊顺序随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例.观察组采用针灸疗法+推拿手法+功能康复锻炼的方法进行治疗,对照组只采用功能康复锻炼的方法进行治疗.比较两种疗法的临床疗效.结果 观察组总有效率为86.67%,显著高于对照组的56.67%(P<0.01).与治疗前比较,治疗后观察组疼痛评分显著降低(P<0.01),两组前屈、内旋和外展功能显著提高(P<0.05,或P<0.01);观察组疼痛评分降低程度和前屈、内旋、外展功能改善程度显著优于对照组(P<0.05,或P<0.01).结论 分部针刺法配合推拿手法、功能锻炼治疗粘连期肩关节周围炎疗效确切.     

Coexistence of Subdural Hematoma and a Rare Cardiopathy in an Infant: Etiological and French Medicolegal Discussion

During legal proceedings following the unexpected death of an infant, the magistrate calls on an expert to clarify the causes of death and to decide on the course to be taken. A report was made following the death of a 7‐month‐old baby girl after recovery from cardiac arrest when investigations of the cause revealed a subdural hematoma (SDH). We discuss the interconnection of these two entities and their role in the lethal process. In this infant, two distinct lesions with medicolegal implications were simultaneously present: on the one hand histiocytoid cardiopathy, and on the other hand SDH, which could result from ill‐treatment. The case of this infant reminds us that the role of the pediatrician is to report the suspicion, whereas the role of the medical expert is to inform the magistrate as to the reality of abuse and its implication in the lethal process.     

Severe Retinal Hemorrhages with Retinoschisis in Infants are Not Pathognomonic for Abusive Head Trauma

The combination of subdural hemorrhage (SDH), retinal hemorrhage (RH), and encephalopathy, or the presence of severe retinal hemorrhages alone in infants, is often attributed to and has been stated to be pathognomonic for abusive head trauma (AHT) or shaken baby syndrome. These beliefs have been challenged, because the same constellation of findings has been identified in accidental head injuries and natural diseases, and most if not all of the studies that support the concept of diagnostic specificity have serious flaws in their methodology. Presented here are two cases of severe retinal hemorrhages with retinoschisis associated with subdural hemorrhage in a natural disease and with severe cerebral edema in an accidental head injury. These cases challenge the dogma that severe retinal hemorrhages with retinoschisis are pathognomonic for AHT.     

Death Caused by Hepatodiaphragmatic Interposition of the Colon

Hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the colon is a rare, usually asymptomatic, anomaly and is typically an incidental radiologic finding. There are few cases in the literature describing the symptomatic form of the condition, known as Chilaiditi syndrome. In some cases, it may be accompanied by various severe complications. If symptoms are present, usually conservative treatment is given. However, conservative treatment only addresses the symptoms but does not prevent their recurrence and possible complications. Our present report shows that this anomaly may not only cause symptoms, but may also progress and cause severe complications, in our case—megacolon leading to right heart failure and, ultimately, death. To date, however, there have been no literature reports of death caused by colonic interposition. Therefore, it is important to draw attention to the importance of this anomaly and its appropriate diagnosis and treatment to ensure the most favorable patient outcomes.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的研究进展

简要介绍了国内外猪繁殖与呼吸综合征弱毒疫苗、灭活疫苗和基因工程疫苗的研究进展,分析了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗研制中存在的问题和未来发展趋势,以便兽医药科技工作者全面了解猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的研发及使用现状,进而指导临床应用.     

青壮年猝死综合征心肌细胞内Cx43的表达

目的观察连接蛋白43（Cx43）在青壮年猝死综合征（SMDS）者心肌细胞的表达,并探讨其法医学意义。方法筛选法医尸检案例45例,其中SMDS组、冠心病猝死组及对照组各15例。采用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术对不同组别Cx43蛋白在心肌细胞内的表达进行阳性单位（PU）定量检测,分析Cx43蛋白在各组表达的差异。所得数据进行统计学分析。结果 SMDS组心肌Cx43染色明显减弱,阳性着色条带分布不均、深浅不一,有的呈散在颗粒状;冠心病猝死组亦见类似变化;对照组未见明显变化。经统计分析发现,3组心肌细胞内Cx43表达的PU值存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论 SMDS死前存在心肌缺血及心电紊乱,应属心性猝死范畴。     

电针围刺法治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征临床观察

目的 观察电针围刺法治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床疗效。方法 将72例肩手综合征患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组36例。观察治疗前后Fugl-Meyer量表（Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA）评分、视觉模拟量表（visual analogue score,VAS）评分、水肿程度的变化,并观察两组临床疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者FMA评分均显著增加（P<0.05）,VAS评分、水肿程度均显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗组患者FMA评分增加值、VAS评分降低值、水肿降低程度均明显大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 两种方法治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征均有效果,而电针围刺法在改善患者FMA评分、VAS评分、水肿程度等方面较针刺法更好。