Ecosocialisms,Past, Present and Future: From the Metabolic Rift to a Reconstructive,Dynamic and Hybrid Ecosocialism

John Bellamy Foster and his colleagues have recently argued that the project of ecosocialism should be understood in terms of a “prefigurative” and “first stage” of red-green thinkers whose insights have largely been transcended by their own work on the metabolic rift. Rift scholars have further argued that “second-stage” ecosocialists should push back against “idealist” deviations occurring amongst historical materialists concerned with the production of nature, socionatures and “hybridity,” as well as more or less all engagements with literatures on eco-technological transitions, industrial ecology and the like, which are implicated in supporting “green capitalism.” This paper critically evaluates these claims. In each case, it is argued, rift scholarship is narrowing the possibilities for interdisciplinary engagement and for thinking in dynamic and reconstructive terms about red-green futures. It is our sense that an ecosocialist vision of just transitions has to be conceptualized as a diverse, dynamic, iterative and always incomplete affair. Anthropocene ecosocialisms are inevitably going to involve co-producing, making and remaking hybrid social ecologies on an irreducibly restless, turbulent and warming planet. We argue that what follows from this is the necessity to both critique and recuperate the better insights of hybrid political ecology and ecological modernities.     

Repairing rifts or reproducing inequalities? Agroecology,food sovereignty,and gender justice in Malawi

ABSTRACT

This Malawi study examines whether agroecology can be effectively used by smallholders to address food sovereignty. We build on the concept of the metabolic rift, arguing that repairing this rift includes social relations. Agroecological methods can be important strategies, but are labour and knowledge intensive, and require addressing power dynamics within and beyond households in order to address food sovereignty. The case study included participatory methods of dialogue, experimentation and horizontal learning to foster change. We argue that feminist concepts of intersectionality and participatory praxis are central to mobilizing agroecology to build food sovereignty and work to transform social relations.     

Double balloon enteroscopy in children:Diagnosis,treatment,and safety

AIM:To assess the feasibility and utility of double balloon enteroscopy(DBE)in the management of small bowel diseases in children. METHODS:Fourteen patients(10 males)with a median age of 12.9 years(range 8.1-16.7)underwent DBE; 5 for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJ syndrome),2 for chronic abdominal pain,4 for obscure gastrointestinal (GI)bleeding,2 with angiomatous malformations(1 blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome)having persistent GI bleeding,and 1 with Cowden‘s syndrome with multiple polyps and previous intussusc...     

肩袖损伤的研究进展及其法医学意义

肩袖位于肩峰、肩锁关节和肱骨头骨性结构之间,是由冈上肌、冈下肌、肩胛下肌及小圆肌包绕在肱骨头周围并与肩关节囊相混合围绕肩关节形成袖套状结构的一组肌腱复合体,在肩关节活动功能中起重要作用.常见的损伤原因包括肩峰下撞击综合征、血管异常相关因素、关节功能退行变和外伤暴力因素等,是一类多因素参与的复杂病理生理过程.通过对肩袖的...     

用多种探针药物评价穿心莲对鸡药物代谢酶活性的影响

采用咖啡因、氨苯砜、氯唑沙宗、奥美拉唑药物探针法,测定这些探针药物在鸡体内的消除半衰期,以探讨穿心莲超微粉对鸡的药物代谢酶的影响,结果显示,对照组和试验组的咖啡因t1/2β分别为632min、415 min,表明两组的t1/2β之间有显著差异(P<0.05).对照组与试验组的氨苯砜t1/2β分别为55.4 min、48.4 min,二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05).对照组和试验组的奥美拉唑t1/2β分别为16.5 min、7.6 min,表明两组的消除半衰期差异极显著(P<0.01);氯唑沙宗t1/2β分别为26.3 min、20.5 min,两组差异显著(P<0.05).结果表明,穿心莲超微粉对CYP3A4、CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP2C19的活性都有诱导作用,但与对照组相比,对CYP3A4的诱导作用差异不显著,而对CYP2C19的诱导作用差异极显著.     

Cerebral traumatism with a playground rocking toy mimicking shaken baby syndrome

Shaken baby syndrome (SBS), one of the most deadly and devastating forms of child abuse, is caused by violent shaking. The combination of subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, brain swelling, and diffuse axonal injury is highly typical of this syndrome and faced with these autopsy findings, induced traumatic lesions are strongly considered. However, it is known that motor-vehicle accidents and falls from great height can also produce this pattern of injury. Nevertheless, stories of arms fall, couch fall, or bumped head while the baby is being carried are generally considered incompatible with SBS. We here report a case of a 2-year-old boy presenting with all the classic autopsy findings of SBS from a playground rocking toy shaken by an older child.     

中药序贯疗法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征43例

目的评价中药序贯治疗方案对腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床疗效。方法将90例肠易激综合征患者分成试验组与对照组(共脱落6例,最终试验组43例,对照组41例)。试验组患者分阶段先后口服疏肝健脾利湿汤剂、参术益肠丸,对照组患者口服单剂马来酸曲美布汀片,两组疗程均为6周。记录并比较两组治疗前及治疗2周末和6周末的症状总积分,评价两组临床疗效。结果治疗6周末,试验组临床疗效明显优于对照组(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗6周后两组腹痛或腹部不适、大便次数、大便性状、腹胀、排便紧迫感和黏液便积分均显著降低(P0.05),其中试验组大便性状和黏液便积分降低值显著大于对照组(P0.05)。治疗2周末和治疗6周末,试验组症状总积分显著低于对照组(P0.05),且两组症状总积分均较前一时点显著降低(P0.05)。结论中药序贯治疗方案对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者的症状有明显改善作用,且起效快、作用持久。     

大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠对非透析慢性肾脏病肾性骨病湿热证患者骨密度及血清骨形成蛋白-7的影响

目的观察非透析慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney diseases,CKD)肾性骨病湿热证患者腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)和血清骨形成蛋白-7(bone morphogenetic protein-7,BMP-7)水平及大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠的干预作用。方法将64例非透析CKD 3~5期湿热证患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各32例(结果每组失访2例),并设正常组20例。两组均给予基础治疗,治疗组加用大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠,每日1次,疗程均为8周。治疗前后分别观察两组血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN),血清肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)、钙(calcium,Ca)、磷(phosphorus,P)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、BMP-7水平及第2—4腰椎BMD。结果治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗4周末和8周末,两组中医证候积分均较前一时点显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组积分均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组在降低BUN、SCr和血清P、iPTH、ALP方面,以及在升高血清Ca和肾小球滤过率估算值方面均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。与正常组比较,CKD病例组BMD和BMP-7均显著降低(P0.05);两组治疗后BMD和BMP-7均显著升高(P0.05),而治疗组BMD和BMP-7升高值均显著大于对照组(P0.05)。结论非透析CKD肾性骨病湿热证患者BMD和BMP-7水平均显著低于健康人群;大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠可防治非透析CKD肾性骨病,其机制可能与改善肾功能及升高血清BMP-7含量有关。     

84例不同中医证型慢性乙型肝炎患者肝穿刺活检回顾性研究

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)病理分级与中医证型的关系。方法对84例经彩超引导下行肝穿刺活检的CHB患者的中医证型、肝脏病理分级、临床分级、肝功能指标进行回顾性研究。结果 84例CHB患者中,湿热蕴结证21例,肝郁气滞证34例,肝肾阴虚证7例,瘀血阻络证13例,脾肾阳虚证9例。肝脏炎症活动度与纤维化分期呈明显正相关(r=0.662,P=0.000);临床分级与病理分级呈显著正相关(r=0.556,P=0.000);不同证型CHB患者的病理分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);不同证型CHB患者血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、直接胆红素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),不同证型患者血清总胆红素水平比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝郁气滞证和湿热蕴结证是CHB患者的主要证型,病理分级和肝功能检查尚不能用于CHB的辨证分型。     

青壮年猝死综合征心肌心钠素免疫组化研究

研究青壮年猝死综合征病理形态学诊断依据。应用免疫组化LSAB,观察10例SMDS及10例非心性死亡对照组死者ANP变化情况。结果发现,SMDS中7例ANP呈阴性,3例呈弱阳性;10例非心性死亡ANP呈强阳性。研究表明,SMDS死者心房内ANP数量减少是导致死亡的重要因素,可通过ANP免疫组化观察找到SMDS死亡的形态学依据。