Fat embolism syndrome associated with atraumatic compartment syndrome of the bilateral upper extremities: An unreported etiology

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a potentially life-threatening condition that develops when fat embolism leads to clinical symptoms and multisystem dysfunction. The classic triad of respiratory distress, neurologic symptoms, and petechial rash are non-specific, and the lack of specific laboratory tests makes the diagnosis of FES difficult. Although FES is most common after long bone fractures, multiple conditions some of which are atraumatic have been associated with the development of FES. We report a case of FES that occurred in the setting of a non-traumatic compartment syndrome of the upper extremities. The pathologic and clinical findings, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and pathologic methods to properly diagnose FES are discussed with a review of the relevant literature. This case highlights the importance of the autopsy in making a diagnosis of FES in cases where death could otherwise be incorrectly attributed to multi-organ system failure, shock, or sepsis.     

Supine Hypotensive Syndrome as the Probable Cause of Both Maternal and Fetal Death

Abstract: Supine hypotensive syndrome is characterized by severe supine hypotension in late pregnancy, whose clinical presentation ranges from minimal cardiovascular alterations to severe shock, resulting from inferior vena cava compression by gravid uterus. We report a case of a 41‐year‐old 39‐week‐pregnant woman found dead supine. Autopsy revealed the following: cyanosis of the limbs; congestion of the jugular and subclavian veins; abundant abdominal subcutaneous fatty tissue; uterus displacing intestine and diaphragm; collapsed inferior vena cava; both femoral veins dilated and filled with blood; edematous and congested lungs; and placenta 790 g, fetus 3475 g, amniotic fluid 800 cm³. The diagnosis of supine hypotensive syndrome as the probable cause of death is supported by the position of the body and autopsy findings. This syndrome can be considered as the first stage of the physio‐pathological mechanism that led to death in the case presented herein and should be considered by pathologists as a cause of sudden death.     

青壮年猝死综合征心肌心钠素免疫组化研究

研究青壮年猝死综合征病理形态学诊断依据。应用免疫组化LSAB,观察10例SMDS及10例非心性死亡对照组死者ANP变化情况。结果发现,SMDS中7例ANP呈阴性,3例呈弱阳性;10例非心性死亡ANP呈强阳性。研究表明,SMDS死者心房内ANP数量减少是导致死亡的重要因素,可通过ANP免疫组化观察找到SMDS死亡的形态学依据。     

Maternal mortality in Slovenia: Case report and the method of identifying pregnancy-associated deaths

We report on the case of fatal intracerebral haemorrhage that followed the development of severe preeclampsia/eclampsia with haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome in a 22-year-old primipara. Peculiarities of the reported case are abrupt onset of preeclampsia/eclampsia during the delivery, fulminant course of the disease, minimal changes in kidneys and signs of pre-existing accelerated arteriosclerosis. Since very few forensic pathologists have sufficient experience with such cases and the differential diagnosis may be difficult, we consider it necessary that in all maternal deaths the post-mortem examination is performed by a team of two forensic pathologists and the case further analysed in collaboration with expert obstetrician.Maternal deaths are rare in developed countries but extremely important, because they represent the “tip of the iceberg” of severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and because they reflect accessibility and quality of prenatal and obstetric care as well as the health status of reproductive-aged women. Unfortunately, they are often misclassified in death certificates which may lead to insufficient engagement in solving underlying problems. In Slovenia, the method of active search for pregnancy-associated deaths is used in order to enable accurate monitoring of maternal mortality and minimise underreporting. The method is based on the manual revision of death certificates and the computer-based linkage of Mortality Database with birth register and foetal deaths register and has proved to be highly efficient.     

气虚血瘀证局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠血浆及脑组织cAMP、cGMP含量动态研究

目的:复制气虚血瘀证局灶性脑缺血再灌注动物模型,探索病证结合动物模型环腺苷酸(cAMP)和环鸟苷酸(cGMP)含量的动态变化特点. 方法:选用Wistar大鼠,采用饥饿、疲劳、寒湿、惊恐、高脂饮食等多因素复合方法复制气虚血瘀证动物模型,采用线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉复制局部脑缺血再灌注动物模型,缺血2 h分别再灌注1,3,7 d,观察缺血侧额顶叶皮质、海马脑组织及血浆cAMP、cGMP含量变化.结果:模型鼠缺血再灌注后,血浆和脑组织cAMP含量均显著升高,cGMP含量均明显下降,血浆cAMP以3 d最高, 脑组织、血浆cGMP和脑组织cAMP以1 d最低. 结论:气虚血瘀证局灶性脑缺血再灌注病证结合动物模型,基本符合气虚血瘀证特点和现代医学脑缺血再灌注后环核苷酸变化规律.     

Morphometrical investigations into alterations of the wall thickness of small pulmonary arteries after birth and in cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

In 1973 Naeye was the first to demonstrate that, in cases of SIDS, the small pulmonary arteries have more smooth muscle than in controls and suggested that this is a consequence of chronic alveolar hypoxia. Seventy-five cases have been investigated morphometrically in order to obtain quantitative data on the alterations of wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries after birth and in cases of SIDS. The investigations comprise seven cases of stillbirth, 19 cases of newborn, 33 cases of SIDS and 16 controls. In each case the thickness of the media, the external diameter of the artery and the media area have been measured planimetrically for 90 arteries ranging between 50 μm and 500 μm. A media index was calculated as the ratio of the thickness of the media to the diameter of the artery. Using this index a thickening of the media of the small pulmonary arteries, corresponding to the situation in fetal and neonatal life, has been confirmed for cases of SIDS. The normal postnatal changes in the small pulmonary arteries, media thinning and enlargement of the lumen, could not be observed in SIDS cases in the first year of life.     

新时期党的生态价值观建设研究──基于马克思新陈代谢断裂理论的思考

随着改革开放的深入,严峻的生态环境问题要求我们必须加强生态价值观建设。中国共产党必须扛起生态文明建设的大旗,树立科学的生态价值观,为最终实现中国特色社会主义政治、经济、文化、社会和生态的和谐发展而奋斗。     

泰国危机综合征：越南重蹈泰国覆辙？

在深入分析泰国1997年货币危机的特征、发生机理的基础上，本文探讨了最近几年越南的经济形势，认为当前越南的经济困境具备泰国危机综合征的典型特征。未来越南经济形势具有不确定性，能否最终避免重蹈越南覆辙，取决于越南政府能否有效控制通胀、有序调整资产价格和改善贸易收支。     

胃萎汤对气虚血瘀证大鼠血液流变学指标的影响

目的 :观察胃萎汤对气虚血瘀证大鼠血液流变学指标的影响。方法 :用游泳劳损法制造气虚血瘀证大鼠模型 ,测定血液流变学指标。结果 :模型组大鼠的血液黏度明显增高 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ;胃萎汤大、中、小治疗组的大鼠血液流变学指标均有明显的改善 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :胃萎汤通过改善气虚血瘀大鼠的血液流变学指标以发挥益气活血作用。     

犊牛血清对高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒增殖及其活疫苗的影响

为了研究在同一培养条件下,不同含量犊牛血清(FCS)对高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)JXA1-R株病毒含量的影响,以及用其生产的疫苗质量、免疫效果的变化情况,采用4个不同含量的FCS对HP-PRRSV JXA1-R株进行了繁殖,并测定病毒毒价及疫苗样品的效价,监测免疫猪的体温变化,用ELISA方法检测免疫猪PRRSV特异性抗体水平。结果显示,用15～30mL/L犊牛血清培养的病毒的含量没有较大变化,但是随血清含量的增加而略有增高。样品疫苗的病毒含量没有明显变化,但是在免疫后测温过程中发现,血清含量高的样品疫苗在接种后第2～4天体温有短暂的高温波动,随后正常。采血检测抗体发现,血清含量高的样品疫苗产生的抗体也早3～5d。本试验结果可以为HP-PRRSV的培养及疫苗工艺的改进提供有效的参考数据。