我国最低生活保障制度的伦理缺陷

我国最低生活保障制度在实施过程中还存在许多伦理缺陷:从救济对象看存在歧视性,占我国人口三分之二以上的农民无缘享受最低生活保障,农村进城务工人员也遭受歧视;从实施理念看,传统救济"三无"对象的情结难解,恩赐思想仍有市场;从救助方式看,在救济对象的认定过程中,选择标准苛刻,无视救济对象的权利,实施过程缺乏人文关怀.这些伦理缺陷如果得不到解决,将影响我国最低生活保障制度的顺利实施,不利于我国社会公正的实现.     

尚未完成由传统向现代的转变--山东女性生活方式管窥

2000年第二期中国妇女社会地位抽样调查(山东)数据,反映了山东女性的活动空间、休闲方式、时间分配与家务劳动、生活消费、社会交往的情况,体现了她们对生活的满意程度。调查发现:女性仍然是家务劳动的主要承担者,无论是生活消费、休闲方式,还是社会交往,女性均落伍于男性,还未完成由传统向现代的转变,女性的活动空间有待于进一步扩展。     

走出二元对立的思维困境——阿克曼对美国宪法变革机制的检讨

阿克曼在区分宪法政治和常态政治的前提下,通过分析美国宪法史上的重要事件,根据二元民主的宪法理论指出:美国宪法政治时期的宪法变革经历了发出宪法改革的信号、提出宪法改革方案、决定宪法改革命运的程序、宪法改革方案的批准和宪法改革成果的巩固五个阶段。阿克曼关于宪法变革的历史学与社会学观点,不仅消解了法律形式主义和法律现实主义的对立,他还进一步以此为基础提出了"人民主权动议"和"活宪法"的宪法修正理论。阿克曼的宪法变革理论虽具现实性,但却有着不确定性的缺陷。因此,阿克曼所要解决的,恰恰是理性与经验之对立所造成的不确定性这一法律理论的永恒主题。     

基层网格化治理中的个人信息权益保护

基层网格化治理领域中的个人信息权益保护具有特殊性,具体体现为融合性、持续性、广泛性与不可回避性.目前,我国基层网格化治理个人信息权益保护存在个人信息保护制度不健全、个人信息获取方式不科学、个人信息收集缺乏对称性等问题,根源在于管理体制思维的潜在影响、网格化治理对象权利保障的缺失、基层网格化治理资源要素配置失衡以及基层网...     

Localized Islam(s): interpreting agents,competing narratives,and experiences of faith

This special issue investigates contemporary transformations of Islam in the post-Communist Balkans. We put forward the concept of localized Islam as an analytical lens that aptly captures the input of various interpreting agents, competing narratives, and choices of faith. By adopting an agent-based approach that is sensitive to relevant actors’ choices and the contexts where they operate, we explore how various groups negotiate and ultimately localize the grand Islamic tradition, depending on where they are situated along the hierarchy of power. Specifically, we outline three sets of actors and narratives related to revival of Islamic faith: (1) political elites, mainstream intellectuals, and religious hierarchies often unite in safeguarding a nation-centric understanding of religion, (2) foreign networks and missionaries make use of open channels of communication to propagate their specific interpretations and agendas, and (3) lay believers tend to choose among different offers and rally around the living dimension of religious practice. Contributions in this issue bring ample evidence of multiple actors’ strategies, related perspectives, and contingent choices of being a Muslim. Case studies include political debates on mosque construction in Athens; political narratives that underpin the construction of the museum of the father of Ataturk in Western Macedonia; politicians’ and imams’ competing interpretations of the Syrian war in Kosovo, Macedonia, and Albania; the emergence of practice communities that perform Muslim identity in Bulgaria; the particular codes of sharia dating in post-war Sarajevo; and veneration of saints among Muslim Roma in different urban areas in the Balkans.     

Policies for Decent Labour Standards in Britain

Decent labour standards are a prerequisite for perceived justice and social cohesion. Insofar as they have been achieved in Britain in the past, it has been the result of collective bargaining between employers and trade unions. This has all but vanished in the private sector and, it is argued, there is no chance of its being revived. Upholding labour standards now lies in the provision of statutory individual employment rights. Experience with minimum wages provides some guidance on how these might be developed through social partnership arrangements. Once achieved, such rights amount to little without effective enforcement. Increasingly important for this is the use of the law and consumer campaigns to expose poor employment practices and complex supply chains so that offending employers can be held to account. If Britain is to avoid falling into a competitive ‘race to the bottom’ with Brexit, it must institute a robust means of implementing and enforcing decent labour standards.     

“搭伴养老”的两个法律问题

“搭伴养老”是指单身的男女老人在未办理结婚登记手续的情况下选择非婚同居处理两性关系和养老的一种生活方式。文章针对这一现象产生的实际问题,从法律角度对“搭伴养老”当事人的人身关系和财产关系进行了探讨。文章认为,在人身关系中,当事人之间拥有类似于夫妻关系的日常家事代理权,存在法定的扶养权和扶养义务。在财产关系中,对于同居期间产生的共同财产和债务应采取合伙原理予以规制;当事人之间不存在互为法定继承人享有继承权的法律基础,但同居伴侣可以分得适当的遗产。     

海岛居民生活质量的现状分析与对策研究——以浙江舟山为例

人口生活质量,是影响一个国家或城市经济社会发展的重要因素。通过对浙江海岛舟山的居民人口生活质量的现状研究,发现海岛舟山存在人口整体文化素质偏低、人才资源结构性矛盾比较突出、居民道德落后于经济社会发展要求、存在自信而又自卑的心理等问题。并就提高海岛舟山居民的人口生活质量从教育投入、人才引进、素质提高和意识培育四个层面提出具体对策。     

中国"反贫困"社会救助法律制度——农村最低生活保障制度实施的制度障碍分析

中国农村最低生活保障制度的建立是"反贫困"进程推进的必然结果,也是促进社会公平,构建和谐社会的必然要求.虽然我国早在20世纪90年代初期就开始了农村低保的试点工作,但各地农村低保制度在实施过程巾遇到了诸多障碍,很多地区的农村低保工作都处于基本停滞状态.我国各地地方政府应拓宽农村最低生活保障资金来源渠道,科学划定农村最低生活保障线,合理选择农村最低生活保障救助对象,不断完善本地区的相关制度,推进农村低保工作的顺利进行.