论公诉案件的诉讼分流

刑事程序中的诉讼分流对于提高刑事诉讼的效率、实现刑罚对犯罪的预防功能、保护被追诉者的权利都具有非常重要的意义。西方许多国家在侦查、起诉、审判阶段都建立了系统的程序分流机制。我国在诉讼分流方面存在着许多的缺陷 ,应当加以全面的完善     

Non-prosecution of Petty Misdemeanors in Criminal Procedure Law of the Republic of China

In the 1920s,the doctrine of prosecuting discretion was gradually confirmed in the laws of civil law countries. Shortly thereafter, it was accepted by the legislators of the Republic of China as well.In the criminal procedure law of the Republic of China, the doctrine of prosecuting discretion was mainly reflected as petty misdemeanor non-prosecution, which was first established in the Criminal Procedure Law of 1928 and had been modified several times since then. By these modifications, the considerations and specific procedures about petty misdemeanor non-prosecution were improved, but the scope of application of the system had been limitedthroughout the time. At the practical level, the applicability rate of petty misdemeanor non-prosecution had been very low, which made it difficult to fulfill its due value.     

关于将社会服务令增设为治安管理处罚种类的思考

社会服务令是西方国家以责令轻罪犯为社会提供一定时间量无偿劳动为主要内容的新型行刑方法西方法律制度下的轻罪在我国多表现为违反治安管理处罚的行为当前,我国的治安管理处罚种类中并不包括社会服务令,究竟社会服务令能不能被我国所借鉴,成为治安管理处罚的一个新罚种,以发挥其应有的社会价值是一个值得探讨的问题     

刑罚轻缓化的刑事政策基础

当代世界刑罚的整体发展趋势是刑罚轻缓化.一国的刑事政策会对刑罚轻缓化产生重大的影响,当代西方国家所确立的"轻轻重重"的刑事政策和我国所确立的"宽严相济"的刑事政策是刑罚轻缓化的刑事政策基础.     

劳动教养制度废止后轻罪案件快速侦审机制研究

劳动教养制度废止后,大量轻罪案件涌入刑事诉讼程序,公检法机关必将面临案多人少的严重局面。参考西方国家刑事简易审理程序,建立健全轻罪案件快速侦审机制可以有效解决这一问题。轻罪案件快速办理机制的有效实施,必须有一个正当的司法环境、运行良好的配套制度作支撑,更需要公安机关、人民检察院以及人民法院的协调配合。     

Low-Level,but High Speed?: Assessing Pretrial Detention Effects on the Timing and Content of Misdemeanor versus Felony Guilty Pleas

Abstract

While numerous studies have examined pretrial detention and felony case outcomes, little empirical attention has been devoted to misdemeanor pretrial detention. We theorize that misdemeanants detained for a longer proportion of time will plead guilty quicker because the costs of fighting their charges in jail often outweigh the sanctions they face. Utilizing data on 165,630 felony and misdemeanor cases from Miami-Dade County, Florida, during a 4-year period (2012–2015) we assess whether the effects of pretrial detention length on the timing and content of guilty pleas differ across lower-level and upper-level courts. Survival analyses and multinomial logistic regressions indicate that misdemeanor cases overall and those involving lengthier pretrial detention are resolved faster, with most resulting in non-carceral sanctions such as credit for time served (CTS). Given that misdemeanors make-up the bulk of U.S. criminal cases, these findings reveal important insights about how pretrial detention impacts case-processing dynamics in lower courts.     

美国对女性卖淫犯罪人的社区矫正制度及其借鉴意义

美国对女性卖淫犯罪人一般定轻罪或微罪，并且多数采取社区矫正制度，包括常规社区矫正和居住式社区矫正，其中居住式社区矫正机构与民间组织合作开展了很多针对卖淫女性的矫正项目并取得了良好的效果。我国可以借鉴美国的经验，将卖淫行为有限犯罪化，在刑法中建立轻罪序列，并对其适用社区矫正。     

轻罪程序的现代化——醉驾案件程序问题的正本清源

危险驾驶罪不能判处有期徒刑或其以上刑罚,并不符合《刑事诉讼法》规定的逮捕条件,这给刑事司法实践带来了一定的冲击。由于不能逮捕,实务部门往往想方设法对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人进行羁押,甚至出现了超期羁押、违法羁押的情况。有观点认为可以通过适度提高法定刑、灵活运用拘传措施来解决问题。然而,轻罪不羁押,至少尽可能不羁押是国际通行的原则,上述做法并不符合我国刑事诉讼现代化的发展方向。究其问题的原因,主要是我国缺乏相配套的轻罪处理程序、审前羁押程序门槛过低。应当设立相应的轻罪程序,同时将到案与羁押相分离、提高羁押的程序门槛。唯此,方能根本解决危险驾驶罪中出现的程序问题,使轻罪程序走上现代化之路。     

微罪不起诉监督机制的完善

微罪不起诉是人民检察院起诉裁量权的运用,也是起诉便宜主义的体现。文章根据我国的基本国情和诉讼程序的有关规定,认为应当采用以内外部监督的混合监督模式,并加强听证程序设置及当事人权利救济,来明确监督主体的职责。     

论中国轻罪制度建构的必要性

劳动教养制度废止后,将原来就被视为轻微犯罪的那部分劳动教养内容由刑法接纳,同时将与其同等强度的其他剥夺人身自由的强制措施一并纳入刑法并建立轻罪制度,是完善刑事法律制度体系、使行政处罚与刑事处罚合理衔接、与人权保障国际公约和多数国家刑法普遍立法例接轨、打击预防腐败犯罪建设清廉社会,以及发挥刑法导引作用提升道德水准、应对风险社会的现实需要。从我国社会现实出发,建构轻罪法律制度十分必要。