376例肋骨骨折的X线诊断分析

探讨肋骨骨折的X线诊断。对 480例胸部闭合性创伤患者的X线图像及临床资料进行回顾性分析。在 480例中 ,376例 (78 3% )出现肋骨骨折。其中 335例 (89 1% )为多根肋骨骨折 ;348例 (92 6 % )骨折发生在一侧。376例共有 941根肋骨骨折 ,其中 90 3根 (96 0 % )为单根肋骨骨折 ,6 2 3根 (6 6 2 % )骨折发生在腋中线前后。在376例中 ,有 46例在伤后首次后前位胸片中出现部分或全部漏诊 ,占 12 2 %。肋骨骨折患者在摄取后前位胸片的同时应加拍患侧后前斜位 (加用滤线器 )胸片及在伤后 1～ 4周时复查摄片     

一起麻鸡鸡痘病毒与巴氏杆菌混合感染病例的诊断

为了对2011年10月长春市某鸡场的150多只60日龄麻鸡发生急性死亡,病死鸡在临床上出现食欲不振、精神委靡,鸡冠以及背部皮肤有结节状痘疹以及排黄绿色稀粪等临床症状的疾病进行确诊,通过细菌学检查、病毒分离鉴定、动物回归试验以及病理组织学观察等方法从病原学和病理学角度进行了系统的分析。病死鸡肝触片可见有典型的两极浓染的短杆菌;应用鸡痘病毒4b核心蛋白基因特异性引物的扩增结果为阳性;将痘疹病料处理上清液经尿囊绒毛膜途径接种9日龄SPF鸡胚,接种后第7天可见尿囊膜上形成有灰白色突起的痘斑;皮肤痘疹研磨处理上清液经电镜负染观察可见典型的痘病毒粒子。病理组织学观察结果表明,局部肝细胞发生变性、坏死,并伴有多量的异嗜性粒细胞浸润。根据上述实验室检测结果并结合临床症状进行综合分析,确诊该起病例为鸡痘病毒与巴氏杆菌混合感染所致。     

Assessing the Impact of Harassment by Peers: Incident Characteristics and Outcomes in a National Sample of Youth

Although there are widely held assumptions about the characteristics of peer bullying that are of greatest concern, very few studies have empirically assessed which characteristics most affect its impact. The current research addresses this gap by using a nationally representative U.S. sample of youth ages 10–20 to examine the relative effects of a variety of potentially aggravating incident characteristics on emotional, physical health, and school-related outcomes. Findings show support for power imbalance and duration (a stronger predictor than repetition) as incident characteristics that exacerbate the negative impact of peer harassment. However, several other incident characteristics have substantial effects with or without the presence of these qualities. Injury, sexual content, involvement of multiple perpetrators, and hate/bias components of peer harassment incidents each increased at least one negative outcome. Findings point to several features of peer harassment that can provide a basis for prioritizing victimization experiences in greatest need of intervention efforts.     

Agreement between ratings from self-rating scales and assessments by treatment staff concerning a group of adolescent males who have sexually offended

Abstract

Despite problems of validity, self-report measurements are used in clinical practice and research. The aim here was to compare self-ratings by adolescent males who had sexually offended with assessments of the same adolescents made by professionals. Results of two self-report questionnaires were compared with staff estimates. It was assumed that observability of behaviour, social desirability of the adolescents' responses, intellectual difficulties and the presence of neuropsychiatric problems would affect the level of agreement between participant and professional responses. Agreement between staff estimates and self-ratings was generally low. However, some results supported the assumptions: i.e. higher levels of agreement on observable behaviour, higher levels of agreement for adolescents scoring low on social desirability and, most obviously, lower levels of agreement for boys with neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Discrepancies between what adolescents say about themselves through self-ratings and how professionals perceive them cause problems in assessments that rely on self-rating measurements.     

The Implementation of Diagnosis Consultant （Sindanshi） Method in the Cluster of Food SMEs

This study is carried out to identify the main problem dealing with cluster of food SMEs （small and medium enterprises） in Kota Batu, the Province of East Java, and to determine the alternative of solution. This study uses the eight-step method （of eight steps） in the quality improvement （also called the PDCA--Plan-Do-Check-Action cycle） and the method of diagnosis consultant （shindanshi）. The diagnosis scope of analysis covers（ed）： the SWOT （Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats） analysis, the 5S＇s analysis, marketing management, operational analysis, production process analysis, layout, quality of product, material and purchasing control, finance analysis, problem solution and recommendation. The cluster of food SMEs in Kota Batu has the following problems： equipment, layout, marketing, raw material, production process, capitalization, quality, distribution, human resources, and packaging. Therefore, the suggestions for the improvement are： Helping the SMEs makes the financial report monthly; socializing the standard quality of process and product based on SNI （Standar Nasional Indonesia）; socializing the management of barcode; evaluating the condition of available layout regarding waste that happened and improving it.     

狂犬病的分子生物学诊断

从攻击咬伤人并致其死亡的犬脑组织中提取总RNA ,用特异性引物通过反转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)获得了长度约为 14 2 3bp的核酸片段 ,与预期的片段大小相符 ;将扩增产物连接到pMD 18 T 载体中 ,转化大肠埃希氏菌JM 10 9,筛选氨苄青霉素抗性菌落 ,提取质粒 ,经酶切鉴定、PCR分析及测序 ,证明所克隆的 14 2 3bp片段含有完整的狂犬病病毒N基因 ,与国外参考毒株的序列相比同源性较高 ,从而做出正确的诊断。试验表明 ,用RT PCR技术检测狂犬病病毒灵敏度高、特异性强 ,适合于实验室应用     

猪瘟RT-PCR ELISA诊断方法的建立及其初步应用

建立了检测CSFV的快速、敏感、特异的RT PCRELISA方法。在RT PCR过程中以地高辛标记的dUTP(DIG dUTP)标记PCR产物 ,用生物素标记的捕获探针在链亲和素包被微量板孔中杂交捕获PCR产物。该方法的敏感性较常规RT PCR方法高 10 0倍 ,可检测出 35 0 μL1∶10 0 (相当于 3.5mg)的兔脾组织悬液中的C株CSFV ,特异性强 ,避免了PCR过程中因污染导致的假阳性结果。通过对RT PCR和微量杂交系统的条件优化 ,该方法用于检测C株兔脾组织毒、细胞适应毒和野毒感染的猪组织毒样品 ,效果良好     

羊痘病毒和羊口疮病毒二重PCR鉴别检测方法的建立

针对羊痘病毒(capripoxvirus,CaPV)的A29L基因和羊口疮病毒(orf virus,ORFV)的H3L基因,设计、合成了2对特异性引物以进行二重PCR。结果表明,该方法可以在数小时、在同一反应体系中清晰地区分CaPV和ORFV,其PCR产物大小分别为413 bp和708 bp,与预期的片段大小相符,序列分析证实目的基因序列与已发表的序列一致;该检测方法的灵敏度可达1个病毒蚀斑形成单位(PFU)。采用二重PCR对12株CaPV、ORFV和相关病毒、细菌培养物,以及22份田间样品进行检测,与预期结果完全一致,且与相关病毒或健康羊组织样品无交叉反应。结果表明,该方法具有快速、敏感、特异等优点,可作为临床样品中CaPV和ORFV的鉴定和诊断的有效方法。     

我国犯罪原因研究的现状与困境

在经历了早期的繁荣与发展之后,我国的犯罪原因研究一直进展缓慢,目前几乎陷入困境.主要表现在:犯罪原因理论的概念范畴含糊不清;实证研究方法极为匮乏;理论基础较为薄弱;中庸思想盛行;功能性目的性不明确等五个方面.如何突破困境,厘清对犯罪原因的科学认识,是摆在我国犯罪学研究者面前的重要课题.这就需要重视实证研究方法,摒弃中庸思想的不良影响,恢复犯罪原因研究的科学品性,建构犯罪原因研究与犯罪控制之间的桥梁.     

番鸭细小病毒与鹅细小病毒PCR鉴别诊断方法的建立

根据番鸭细小病毒(MDPV)和鹅细小病毒(GPV)基因组的非同源序列各设计了1对引物MDPVF1/R1和GPVF1/R1,建立了一种PCR方法,用该PCR方法分别对GPV、MDPV、鸭瘟病毒(DPV)、鸭肝炎病毒(DHV)、鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)、犬细小病毒(CPV)和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒(FPLV)的病毒培养物及其核酸进行扩增。结果,引物MDPVF1/R1仅特异性扩增出MDPV的900 bp核酸片段,引物GPVF1/R1仅特异性扩增出GPV的465 bp核酸片段。表明,建立的PCR方法可用于GPV和MDPV的鉴别诊断。